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Scarlet fever, also called scarlatina, is an acute infectious disease
caused by streptococcal bacteria. It is called so because of the red skin
rash that accompanies it. A sore throat is the main characteristic of
this disease. Scarlet fever can affect people of all ages, but it is most
often seen in children. Before the antibiotics were invented, scarlet
fever was an extremely serious, long lasting disease with many
dangerous complications, and even death. Children with scarlet fever
used to be immediately isolated and quarantined. Recovery is rapid
and complete when antibiotics are administered promptly.
Rubella (German measles) is not usually considered as a serious
illness in children or adults, but it can cause birth defects or the loss of
a fetus if a mother becomes infected in the early stage of pregnancy.
Rubella was distinguished from more serious infectious diseases in the
early 19th century. The rubella virus was first isolated in 1962, and a
vaccine became available in 1969.
Only in certain individuals natural immunity to infectious
diseases may exist. An artificial immunity is known to result from
prophylactic vaccination, which is carried out against a number of
infectious diseases in our country.
Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations.
various
microbial agents
['vɛərɪəs][maɪ'krəubɪəl]
'eɪʤ(ə)nts]
различные
liquid droplets
['lɪkwɪd]['drɔpləts]
жидкие капельки
common cold
['kɔmən][kəuld]
обычная простуда
vaccine must be
readministered
['væksi:n][mʌst][bi:]
[ֽrɪəd'mɪnɪstəd]
вакцина
должна
назначаться неод-
нократно
meninges
[mə'ninʤəz]
мягкие
мозговые
оболочки
meningitis
[menɪn'ʤaɪtɪs]
менингит
complication
[kɔmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]
осложнение
to cough and
sneeze
[kɔf][sni:z]
кашлять и чихать
invasion
[ɪn'veɪʒ(ə)n]
проникновение
measles
['mi:zlz]
корь
predispose
[pri:dɪ'spəuz]
предрасполагать