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Theme 6
OUTSTANDING FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN DOCTORS
From ancient time people studied human body and tried to treat
various diseases. To begin with, it is worth mentioning an ancient
outstanding physician and scientist Hippocrates. He was born in Greece
in 460 or 459 B.C. and his name is still surrounded by an aureole of glory.
Galen regarded him as “the wonderful inventor of all that is beautiful”.
Hippocrates freed medicine from superstition. He established the fact that
disease was a natural process and its symptoms were the reactions of the
body to the disease. The chief function of the physician was to aid the
natural forces of the body. Although we know very little of Hippocrates
personality we have a complete exposition of his methods in the
Hippocratic Collection or “Corpus Hippocraticum”. He created medicine
on the basis of experience.
Our country is proud of its prominent doctors: N.I. Pirogov,
I.P. Pavlov, S.P. Botkin, V.M. Bechterev, N.I. Burdenko. For
centuries Russian medical science has accumulated knowledge in
different brunches of medicine. The surgery is not an exception. The
brightest representative of Russian surgery school is N.I. Pirogov. He
was born in Moscow on November, 25, 1810. In 1836 he became a
professor of surgery. “There is no medicine without surgery and no
surgery without anatomy” was his motto. The greatness of his work is
in generalization of isolated ideas in surgery which he placed on a
solid scientific basis. Pirogov created the “Topographic Anatomy”
atlas which is still helping to train generations of surgeons.
N.I.Pirogov was the first performed osteoplastic operation, operation
on the intestines in cases of bullet wounds. The great surgeon was also
the initiator of the extensive use of anesthesia during operations.
In the field of medicine and health protection, S.P. Botkin was an
outstanding public figure. He was born on September 17, 1832. He
graduated from the Medical faculty of the Moscow University in
1853. At the age of 28 he began working at the Medico-Surgical
Academy in Petersburg. He worked during the epoch of the most rapid
progress in natural science and physiology. He made every effort to
turn clinical medicine into an exact science. S.P. Botkin is known as
an exceptional therapeutist and a brilliant diagnostician. He was the
first to advance the idea of an infectious origin of hepatitis. The term
“Botkin’s disease” was introduced into medicine in 1940. One of his