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162
C Immunization for travelers
The following vaccinations are recommended
for travelers to South Asia:
Hepatitis A or immune globu-
lin ( IG )
Transmission of hepatitis A vi-
rus can occur through direct person-
to- person contact; through exposure
to contaminated water, ice, or shell-
fish harvested in contaminated wa-
ter; or from uncooked fruits, vegeta-
bles, or other foods.
Hepatitis B
Especially if you might be exposed to blood or body fluids (for
example, health care workers), have sexual contact with the local pop-
ulation, or be exposed through medical treatment.
Japanese encephalitis
If you plan to visit rural farming areas and under special circum-
stances, such as a known outbreak of Japanese encephalitis.
Malaria
Your risk of malaria may be high in these countries, including cit-
ies. Travellers should take an effective antimalarial drug.
Rabies
If you might have extensive, unprotected outdoor exposure in ru-
ral areas.
Typhoid
Typhoid fever can be contracted through contaminated drinking
water or food. Large outbreaks are most often related to faecal con-
tamination of water supplies or foods sold by street vendors. Vaccina-
tion is particularly important because of the presence of S.typhi strains
resistant to multiple antibiotics in this region.
3. Complete the sentences. Look at A, B and C above to help
you.
1. __________________ for heart disease include smoking, high
cholesterol and a family history of heart disease.
2. In a small number of cases screening will not identify patients
with the early signs of a disease. These are _________________ .