Стр. 159 - 2

161
Adrian Gombart, a vitamin D researcher at Oregon State Univer-
sity, said the new recommendations are safe and conservative but that
400 units “is probably not enough.”
Gombart’s lab work in human tissue has shown that vitamin D
helps increase levels of a protein that kills bacteria.
He said many experts believe that between 800 and 1,000 units
daily would be more effective at helping fight disease.
(from “The Moscow News”, 2008)
2. Read and learn the following information
Screening and immunization
A Screening
Screening is a way of identifying people at increased or greater risk
for a condition, although they do not yet have any signs or symptoms. In
some cases, mass screening – screening large numbers of people – is ap-
propriate, for example in the past for tuberculosis. In other cases, only
those with high risk factors, like a family history of conditions such as
cancer and diabetes, are screened. However, there are a number of prob-
lems with screening. There are always false negatives, cases where a pa-
tient has a disease but screening does not identify it. There are also false
positives, where someone is told they have a disease when in fact they
do not. Furthermore, with some diseases, early identification is of no
benefit to the patient as there is no treatment available.
B Common screening tests
Condition Test Subjects Frequency
Neural tube de-
fects and Down’s
Syndrome risk
AFP pregnant women between 16 and 17
weeks
Breast cancer mammography women, 50–70 every 3 years
Cervical cancer smear test women, 20–60 every 3 years
Cardiovascular
disease
blood cholesterol >40 with high risk
factors
every year
Secondary
prevention
Cholesterol > 4 blood cholesterol patients with heart
disease
every 6 months
Diabetic
retinopathy
ophthalmoscopy patients with
diabetes
every year