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107
The Respiratory System
diaphragm
lobes
lungs
mediastinum
pleura
respiratory system
serous coat
substance
vital capacity
weight
The (1) are the main organs of the (2). There are two lungs in the human body
located in the lateral cavities of the chest. The lungs are separated from each
other by the (3). The lungs are covered with the (4). They are conical in shape.
Each lung has the base, apex, two borders and three surfaces.
The lung has the apex extending upward 3-4 centimetres (cm) above the
level of the first rib.
The base of the lung is located in the convex surface of the (5).
The posterior borders of the lungs are on each side of the spinal column. The
anterior border is thin and overlaps (частично покрывает) the pericardium.
The (6) of the lungs varies according to many conditions. In the adult male it
may be about 1,350 gr. The right lung is about 15% heavier than the left
one. The (7) of the lungs is 3.5-4 liters in the male and it is 3-3.5 liters in
the female.
The right lung consisting of three (8) is heavier than the left one because the
latter consists only of two lobes. The lower lobe of the left lung is larger
than the upper one.
In infants the lungs are of a pale rose colour, but later they become darker.
The structure of the lung consists of an external (9), the visceral layer of the
pleura, a subserous elastic tissue and the parenchyma or proper (10) of the
lungs.