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13. Complete the sentences using words and phrases from ex.
11.
a) The … is the aim or purpose of the research.
b) The … is the location – the country, or part of a country (e.g. a
hospital, school, etc.).
c) The … are the people that the researchers studied.
d) An … is a result.
e) The … is the type of study, for example randomized controlled
trial.
14. The sections of the abstract below are in the wrong order,
and the headings have been removed. Decide the correct order,
and give each section a title.
a) England, Scotland, and Wales.
b) History of asthma, wheezy bronchitis, or wheezing obtained from
interview with subjects’ parents at ages 7, 11, and 16 and reported
at interview by subjects at ages 23 and 33.
c) To describe the incidence […] of wheezing illness from birth to
age 33 and the relation of incidence to perinatal, medical, social,
environmental, and lifestyle factors.
d) The cumulative incidence of wheezing illness was 18% by age 7,
24% by age 16, and 43% by age 33. Incidence during childhood
was strongly and independently associated with pneumonia, hay
fever, and eczema. […] Incidence from age 17 to 33 was associat-
ed strongly with active cigarette smoking and a history of hay fe-
ver. […]
e) Atopy and active cigarette smoking are major influences on the
incidence and recurrence of wheezing during adulthood.
f) 18,559 people born on 3–9 March 1958. 5801 (31%) contributed
information at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33 years.
g) Prospective longitudinal study.
15. Find an article that interests you. Hide the abstract, then
try to write the abstract yourself. Compare your version with the
real one.