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8. Read the extracts from an article in the British Medical
Journal entitled “Paternal age and schizophrenia: a population
based cohort study”. Decide which section of the article each ex-
tract comes from.
a) People with older fathers were more likely to lose their parents
before they reached the age of 18 years.
b) Using a large Swedish record linkage database, we investigated
the association between paternal age and schizophrenia in off-
spring.
c) We used Cox’s proportional hazards models to assess the influ-
ence of parental age on psychosis.
d) Our cohort comprised 754,330 people born in Sweden between
1973 and 1980 and still alive and resident in Sweden at the age of
16 years.
e) Our findings confirm n association between increased paternal
age and schizophrenia in offspring, which remained even after we
controlled for a wide range of potential confounding factors.
f) There is growing evidence that factors operating at different
points in life contribute to an individual’s risk of developing
schizophrenia.
g) The main limitation of our analysis is that case ascertainment was
based on people admitted to hospital only with diagnoses record-
ed on an administrative database.
h) Table 1 shows the characteristics of subjects in relation to the age
of their father.
9. Look at the research questions and write a statement of the
objective of each study, using an appropriate form of the verb in
brackets.
a) Can calcium and vitamin D supplementation reduce the risk of
fractures in postmenopausal women? (assess)
b) Does the way doctors dress influence patients’ confidence and
trust in them? (determine)
c) Is there a risk of herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) transmission by blood
transfusion? (evaluate)
4) Is there an association between never being married and increased
risk of death? (investigate)