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Grammar reference
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are formed with a verb + adverb (for example,
down, up, on, off
).
verb + adverb (verb + preposition)
turn down
Sometimes the meaning is clear (for example,
stand up, sit
down
). Often, the two words together have a special meaning which
we cannot guess.
4
Shut up!
( = be quiet, stop talking)
look after
1
to watch (someone or something), usually from the back, as
he/she/it moves away; follow the movement of (someone or
something) with one’s sight:
He turned and left her; but she
looked after him with tears in her eyes.
2
to take care of; take the responsibility for (someone or some-
thing):
Mother was well looked after in hospital. Who will look af-
ter the children while you go out to work?
3
to kill; murder (someone):
We can’t let him live to tell the stories
about us to the police, leave him to me, I’ll look after him.
4 look after oneself
to be independent, able to deal with life and
one’s business, including trouble:
Don’t worry about me, I can
look after myself.
1 ordinary meaning
2,3 idiomatic meanings
4 fixed idiom in which the phrasal verb is used.
5. Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. You
will have to change the forms of some verbs to make the grammar
of the sentence correct.
break down = to collapse in a nervous state
bring up = to cough up material such as mucus from the lungs or
throat
carry out = to perform
depend on = to rely on something
drop off = to fall asleep