298
6654187819011156112
Glossary29256020126109148219273327398459530
1.Aldehydes851882012870106207245316378448519587650705
(from159188201285097144213322
Latin1950882012886149188228297
alcohol2288882012870110172241311382420
dehydrogenatus2744882012873136205268338392462531594663734772843897
is367888201284298
alcohol3811882012867105168237307377416
which42668820128102171211274343
is464488201284398
deprived4777882012875138207254292363426495
of5307882012874121
a5463882012868
hydrogen)8511123012870141209256327397459529577
is14631123012848103
a16021123012873
class17101123012873111174227282
of20281123012879126
the21891123012851121184
organic24081123012881127197260329367430
compounds28731123012873142252320390461531601655
that35651123012849119182221
contain38671123012873142212251314351421
an43251123012872143
aldehyde45021123012873112183245314385453516
group50531123012881128197267337
(-54261123012857106
CHO).8511366012894195296342377
IUPAC12631366012859161238340433
defines17311366012883146192231302364419
aldehydes21851366012875114184247316386455518572
as27931366012875128
substances29571366012867137208262301363433496558612
of36041366012886133
the37721366012851122183
R-CHO399113660128106153247348449
type,44751366012851122190253288
in47981366012852123
which496913660128101171209272341
the53461366012851121183
carbonyl8511608012862125171242311381452489
group13751608012871117188258328
is1739160801283792
bonded18651608012871140211280343412
to23131608012839108
one24571608012870139202
hydrogen26941608012870140209256325396459528
atom32571608012861100171281
and35701608012863133203
one38071608012871141204
R40461608012894
group.41731608012870117186257327362
2.Aldol8511948012870106207245316386424
or13111948012893141
β-hydroxyaldehyde1487194801289514321228235139846853860766870777884091198110501112
-is26351948012871110166
compound28361948012886155265333403474544614
thah34861948012862132195264
include37851948012863133196234304374436
aldehyde42591948012886125195257327398466529
group48231948012894141211281351
CHO520919480128117219320
and8512191012862133202
hydroxyl.10892191012870140209256326396466504539
3.Aldol8512531012870106207245316386424
condensation13112531012893162232302365434488551590629698768
(21142531012878
aldol-croton21922531012870110179249288336397452521561630700
condensation,29282531012893162231302364434489559597637706776812
aldol377525310128100139208279318
reaction41282531012884147216279318356427497
)46272531012847
is47092531012869123
a48672531012893
chemical49952531012892162225335371434496534
reaction8512772012847109171234273312381452
between13372772012883146184286347410479
two18512772012851153222
aldehyde21082772012875114184246315386454517
or26602772012883130
ketone28242772012883146184254324386
molecules325727720128109177216279341412451514568
in38602772012851120
the40162772012852121184
presence42342772012883130191246308378441503
of47712772012883130
an49352772012875144
acid51152772012875137175245
or53952772012883130
base8513015012870133188249
to11353015012844113
form12843015012851120167277
an15933015012867137
aldol17663015012867106176246285
(β-hydroxyaldehyde20863015012851124172241311380427497568638699738809870941101110801142
or32643015012873120
β-hydroxy34193015012878124194265333380451520591
ketone)40433015012875137177246317379425
and45023015012867137208
in47453015012843112
some48933015012859128238298
cases52263015012867129184247301
an8513257012862133
aldol10193257012863100171240280
dehydration13333257012870133202273341388450489528599668
product20353257012870118188257329392430
(α25003257012847120
,26553257012835
Β-unsaturated27243257012894141211281336398436506552615654716786
aldehyde35453257012862101171234303373442504
or40853257012870116
ketone).42353257012871133172242313374421456
4.Alkoxides8513597012870106207245316386455495564627681
(alkoxides)15673597012855117155226295365405474536591638
are22403597012870117179
compounds24553597012870139249317387458527598652
of31433597012878124
the33013597012847118180
general35173597012877139210271318380418
formula39713597012855125172281349389452
R-OM,44643597012894145246371406
where491235970128102171234281343
R52983597012894
is54273597012847101
alkyl8513839012862101172243280
(or11663839012849119167
substituted13683839012856126196251289328367437476539608
alkyl)20113839012865103173244281328
and23743839012865135204
M261638390128125
is2776383901284196
a29073839012865
metal300938390128109169208271310
cation33543839012865127166204275345
or37343839012872120
another38893839012864133204242312375421
cation,43453839012865127165205274345380
formally47603839012849118165274334373413483
they52773839012848118181252
are8514080012862109172
the10584080012852122184
products12774080012883130200270340402440495
of18084080012883130
the19734080012852122185
substitution21934080012868137208262301340378449487527597666
of28954080012883130
the30604080012852121184
hydrogen32784080012884155223271341412474543
ion38574080012852121192
of40854080012883129
the42494080012852122185
hydroxyl44684080012883154222269339410481518
group50214080012883131201270341
of53984080012881128
alcohols8514323012862101164233304373412467
with135343230128102140179248
another16374323012862132202240311373419
cation.20904323012862125164203273342378
5.Anhydrides8514664012870106207277346417485532571642705758
in16454664012876146
organic182746640128107154223285355395456
chemistry231846640128101170233342379434473520590
are294246640128100147209
compounds318646640128101171281349419490560630684
which390646640128143212251314383
consist432446640128101170240294333388426
of478746640128108154
two49764664012878179248
acid525946640128100163201270
residues8514905012847109164202273342405459
(for13454905012855102171218
example,15984905012869139202311379419481516
carboxylic21494905012870132179248319388459496536598
or27824905012878125
phosphonic29424905012877146217271341411481551590653
acids)36294905012870132170241295342
that40064905012850120182222
are42624905012870117179
connected44764905012870141210281343405444506576
through50874905012847117164233303373443
an8515146012862133
oxygen10195146012892162233301364434
atom.14885146012884123193303335
So185951460128100170
an20645146012885155
acetic22575146012885147208247286348
anhydride26415146012884153223294362410449519581
consists32565146012885155225280318373412466
of37575146012893140
two39315146012861163231
residues41985146012869131185224294364426481
of47145146012892139
acetic48885146012885146209248286349
acid52725146012885146185255
CH3COOH8515389012894195104554390824510915389012894195296397
and15225389012863133203
has17595389012871133188
the19835389012837107169
formula21885389012846115162271339379442
CH3266553890128931952860543908245
-C29065389012847140
(O)30825389012846148192
-O-C33095389012847149195288
(O)36335389012846148194
-CH3386253890128461402414102543908245
.41485389012835
6.Acetates8515729012870106207269331370433471534587
are14745729012872119180
salts16905729012864127166204258
and19845729012873142212
esters22315729012873127166228275329
of25955729012879127
an27575729012873143
acetic29355729012873135197235275337
acid.33065729012872135174243279
Salts36205729012888150188227282
are39375729012872118181
crystalline41535729012871118188241281344381421459530592
products47805729012879127197266336399437492
that53075729012848118181220
are8515971012862109171
readily10585971012847110172241280319390
soluble14815971012855125164234305343406
in19215971012840109
water;206659710128101163202264311350
ethers24515971012863101171234280334
are28205971012863110172
volatile30305971012869139179240278318356419
liquids3484597101283978148218257327381
with390159710128101140178248
a41845971012864
fruity4283597101284693163202241312
and46285971012863134204
floral4868597101284786155202264302
scent.52065971012855117179249288324
Acetates85162120128101163225265327365428483
are13696212012863109172
used15756212012871126187258
as18686212012863117
solvents20206212012855124164233296365405459
for25146212012848117164
varnishes,27136212012870133179249288342412475529565
resins,33126212012847109164202273327363
in37106212012839109
the38546212012839110172
production40616212012871118187256327389428466537607
of47036212012870117
celluloid,48556212012864126164203273311382421490526
in54166212012839114
perfumery8516456012870133180226296405465512583
and14686456012862132202
food17066456012847117187257
industry.19996456012837107178247301341388458491
7.Acetals8516795012870106207269331370433471525
are14116795012876122185
ethers16306795012875113183246292346
of20126795012882129
hemolyols21766795012882145254322361432500540595
of28066795012882129
general29706795012882145214277322384424
formula34296795012860129176285353392455
R2C391967950128107402968460824540756795012894
(OR¹)42046795012859161254295341
(OR²),45806795012860161254296343378
where500667950128101171233280341
R¹538367950128106147
and8517038012862133202
R²10897038012893135
are12597038012862109172
hydrocarbon14657038012870141209257326388451498567636707
radicals:22087038012846107177216279341379434472
CH3271670380128941952934708808246
,29807038012835
C2H53050703801289331657088082453244703801281013367708808246
,34147038012835
etc.34847038012862101164199
8.Acetaldehyde8517378012870106207269331370433471541603672743811874
(17607378012896
acetic18577378012870133195233273335
aldehyde,222873780128117157226289358421490553588
ethanal,285173780128111150220290360430469504
methylformaldehyde339173780128149211250320383421460530585686755794864927996105811281191
)45857378012847
is46677378012888142
an484473780128111182
organic506173780128118165235297367406469
compound8517621012862133242310381451521592
of14777621012870117
the16297621012839108171
aldehyde18357621012863100170233302372441504
class23747621012862101163217272
with268276210128101139178247
the29657621012839108171
chemical31717621012862131194303340403465504
formula37117621012846117163272340379442
CH3418876210128941954386767108245
-CHO.44317621012847140242343377