208
5754187819011156112
11.762602012870141177
Hydroxy9726020128247317386433503573643
acids,1648602012863125164234290325
keto2007602012870133172241
acids2284602012861123162232287
It’s2749605012655102149203
necessary2988605012678139201263317372442504573
to3597605012647117
knowthe37496050126781542243264111602012839108171
concepts:4317602012863131202264326396435489529
•2749763012849
representatives,2832763012847109179227289342405474514576615653724785840876
nomenclature,3742763012870141249310381443482545583654700762797
the4575763012838108171
structure274992401285594141210273311382428490
of3274924012870117
biologically3425924012870109179218288358397459522560599670
important4128924012839149217288335373436506544
hydroxy4708924012870140209256325396465
acids,27491085012862125164233288324
keto31061085012870133172242
acids33821085012863125163232287
•27491246012849
their28321246012839109173211258
isomerism,3126124601283792162272332378418473582615
enantiometry37751246012862132195265305343414524584623670740
•27491407012849
the28321407012839109173
ways304114070128101163233286
of33621407012870117
transformation3515140701283885147216271318387435543604643682753823
in43721407012839108
the45171407012839108171
body47221407012870140210281
It’s27491739012655102149203
necessary29881739012678139201263317372442504573
to35971739012647117
be37491739012678139
able39221739012671149188250
to:42081739012646116164
formulate27491895012847117164273341381444483545
reaction33291895012847108170233271310380450
equations38141895012862133202265304342412482537
of:43871895012871117156
•27492056012849
the28322056012839110172
oxidation30392056012871140180249312350389459529
of36022056012870117
hydroxy37542056012870141209257327398468
acids42552056012863125164233289
(under45792056012848118187258321366
the49802056012839109171
influence27492217012839110157195264327396459521
of33052217012871117
the34572217012839108171
NAD366222170128101202303
+40002217012879
/41142217012839
NADH418822170128102202303404
system)46252217012855127179219282391435
•27492379012849
the28322379012839110172
decarboxylation30392379012871133196257304374444513584621684723762832902
of39752379012870117
hydroxy41282379012870141210257327397467
and46282379012863133203
ketonic27492540012870133172242311351412
acids31962540012862124163233287
•27492700012849
the28322700012839110172
nucleophilic30392700012871140203242304374444513553591631692
substitution37672700012854124194248288326366435474513583653
(SN)44552700012847123225271
•27492861012849
the28322861012839109173
formation30412861012847115163272332371410480550
of36252861012871118
the37782861012840109172
pharmacologically398428610128701412042493584184815515916617317708328949339721042
active27493022012862125164202273336
salicylic31203022012853116154193256326363403465
acid36203022012862124163233
(their3888302201284785154217256302
use42253022012871124187
in44473022012839109
medical459030220128109169239279342404442
practice)27493183012870117180242280320381444490
III.17023354012655110164199
Biologically19363354012693132202241311381420482552591630700
important26713354012640157234304367413482561608
heterocyclic33143354012678140187249310380442512575613652714
compounds40643354012662131248324395473551629684
12.7623515012870141177
Heterocyclic97235150128247308347410457526589659720759798861
compounds.18683515012862131241308379450519590644680
Nitrogen111736760128101140179226296366428498
heterocycles16503676012870133171233280349412482543582645699
It’s27493517012655102149203
necessary29883517012678139201263317372442504573
to35973517012647117
knowthe3749351701267815422432641113515012839108171
concepts:43173515012863131202264326396435489529
•27493676012849
classification28323676012863102164218273311359398459522560599669739
of36053676012870118
the37593676012839108171
heterocyclic39643676012870133172233280350412482543582622684
compounds,27493837012862133242310381451521592646681
class34653837012862101163218272
representatives37723837012847109178224287341404473513574613652722784839
•27493998012849
nomenclature28323998012870141251311381444483546583653700763
of36293998012871118
the37823998012839108171
heterocycles39873998012870132171234281351412483543582645700
and47223998012863131202
their27494160012839110172210257
derivatives30404160012870133180218288350389428498560615
•27494321012849
five-membered2832432101284786156218265374434545613675722784855
heterocycles37224321012870133171234279350412483543582645700
with445843210128102140178248
one47424321012870139202
and49794321012862131202
two27494481012839141210
heteroatoms,29954481012870132171233279349411450520629682717
imidazole37474481012839150186257320382451491552
pyrrole43344481012871141186233303343405
derivatives,27494642012870133180218288351389427498560614650
their34344642012839108171209256
biological37254642012870109178218287358396459522559
role,43204642012847115155218253
gem46054642012870133242
structure.2749480301285594141210273311382428490525
•27494964012849
six-membered2832496401285594164211320380491559621668730801
heterocycles36694964012870133171234280350412483543582645700
with440449640128102140178248
one46874964012871140203
and49254964012862131202
two27495126012839141210
heteroatoms,29955126012870132171233279349411450520629682717
pyridine,37475126012870141185224296336405468503
pyrimidine,42855126012870141186225334371442481551613648
derivatives,27495287012870133180218288351389427498560614650
their34345287012839108171209256
biological37255287012870109178218287358396459522559
role43205287012847115155218
•27495447012849
the28325447012839109173
orienting30395447012871118156218287327365436506
effect35805447012862109156217279318
of39325447012871118
the40855447012839108171
heteroatoms42905447012870133172234280351412451521631683
on50105447012870140
the27495608012839110172
reactivity29565608012846107170232270309379418457528
of35185608012870117
the36705608012839110171
heterocycles38755608012871132171234281350412483543582645700
in46105608012838109
SE475556080128784833565908255
reactions27495769012847109171234273312381452506
•27495930012849
the28325930012839109173
acid-base30415930012862123162232279348411465527
properties36045930012870116186255318365403442505559
of41985930012870116
the43495930012839109171
nitrogencontaining4555593001287010814619426433339646527496091012862133202242304342412451521592
heterocycles33756091012870133170233280349412482543582644699
•27496253012849
lactim-lactam28326253012839102164202242351396435498560599662771
tautomerism36376253012839102172212281390451498537592702
of43706253012871117
pyrimidine45226253012871141186225336373444483554615
and27496414012862133202
purine29866414012870139186225295358
derivatives33796414012870133179217288350389427498559613
•27496575012849
condensed28326575012863133202273336405459521590
bicyclic34596575012870108171241302341380443
heterocycles39356575012870133172234280351413483543582645700
-46706575012849
purine47556575012870140187225295357
and27496735012862133202
purine-type29866735012870139186225295358405443514582645
compounds,36676735012862133242310381450520590645680
their43826735012839108171209256
biological27496896012870110179219288358397459522561
role33456896012847116154217
•27497057012849
prototropic28327057012870117187226296335382451521561622
tautomerism34907057012839102171211280390450497536591700
(by42227057012847117187
the44447057012839109172
example46507057012863133196305373412475
of27497219012870117
adenine)29017219012863132194265303373435482
154595769012870
It’s27497550012655102149203
necessary29887550012678139201263317372442504573
to35977550012647117
be37497550012678139
able39227550012671149188250
to:42087550012646116164