375
8754107815011060120
3.921596012870105
Man10755960128125187257
tried1367596012853100138201270
to1672596012852123
protect1829596012884132201239301363402
health2267596012883146208246285355
during2657596012883153200239309379
the3071596012853123185
Middle33045960128125164234304343406
Ages.37595960128101169232286321
Certain41155960128108170217255317355425
important4575596012853163231301349386449518558
health5168596012883146208246285355
methods8517830128109170209280351420474
were13617830128128190237299
used1694783012896151214283
during2013783012896167214252321392
this2439783012867136175230
period.2703783012898159206245315384420
Epidemics31587830128112181221290353462499562616
of3810783012896143
diphtheria,3988783012897136206275315384446493532595630
typhoid,4653783012865135204274344383453489
fever,5177783012873135205268313348
leprosy851967012839102172218288342413
(проказа),1297967012864139210280349410466528575611
influenza,1943967012855124171210280342412475536571
bubonic2550967012886157227296367405468
plague3053967012887125188257328390
and3478967012878149218
other3732967012886126196258305
diseases4072967012886125179242304358420474
took4582967012855125196265
millions48999670128109146185225264334405459
of5393967012887134
lives.851115201283978148211264300
4.9211338012870105
Leprosy10611338012895157227274345399469
was157313380128101163217
spread18261338012864134182244305375
for22371338012856125172
hundreds24441338012880149220290337398468522
of30021338012879126
years.31631338012880140203249304340
This35381338012894164203258
disease38311338012878118172235296350413
was428913380128101163216
controlled45411338012871141211250297367405444507577
not51541338012878147187
by53761338012879149
medical85115230128109170241280343405443
means.133515230128109169232302357393
The17681523012886155218
patient20201523012875137176215278347385
lived2441152301284483153215285
in27611523012845114
special29111523012859129191254293354393
colonies33401523012868137176246316355417471
away38471523012867168230300
from4181152301285299169279
other44941523012875115185247294
people.48231523012875138208277316379414
This52771523012886156194248
was85117080128101163218
a11041708012863
very12011708012870133180250
important14851708012839148216287334373436505544
advance20651708012860131200263333395457
in25571708012839109
public27011708012871140210249289352
health30871708012870133195233272342
during34651708012870139186224295364
this38651708012839108147202
period.41011708012870133179217288358393
5.9561893012870105
During110618930128102171219258327397
the15381893012850119182
Middle176618930128124162232302341404
Ages221518930128102171233288
plague25381893012880119181251321383
killed29571893012879117157195258327
many333018930128109169240310
millions368518930128109146186225264335405460
of41791893012881128
people43411893012881143212283322384
in47601893012849119
Europe.49141893012896166213282353414449
In53981893012857126
13488512079012870141210280
the11672079012877146209
―Black141120790128100192231293356426
Death‖187320790128139201263302373435
struck23432079012892131178248310380
Britain:275920790128131178216255317356426465
nobody326020790128107177247317387458
knew375120790128108179242343
how412920790128108177279
to44432079012877146
fight46252079012884124193264302
with496320790128139178216287
this52852079012876147185239
disease.8512263012870110164226289342405440
The132622630128142210273
doctors163422630128125196258296366413467
advised213622630128118188258297351413484
people265422630128126189258328367429
to31182263012895165
run331822630128103172243
away359522630128119220282352
from398122630128102149219329
the43432263012895165228
affected460622630128119165211273336374437507
areas.514722630128119165228290344384
Everybody8512448012886155218265335404474545616
agreed15002448012862132179241304373
that19092448012839108170209
plague21532448012870109171240311373
was256124480128101163217
god’s28142448012870140209256310
punishment31592448012871140211249303374483543614653
for38482448012846115162
the40462448012839108171
sins4252244801285493162216
of45042448012870117
men.465624480128109169239275
Developments219128000126101163233296335405483600661739786840
of30652800012670118
the32182800012646125187
Middle343928000126132170249327366429
Ages390228000126101169232287
6.9563117012870105
A109631170128134
very126531170128103166213283
important15813117012873184251322369408471540579
development219631170128102165234297336405475585645715754
during298631170128103173220259329399
the34213117012871142203
Middle366031170128158197266336375438
Ages413331170128135203266320
was448831170128135196251
the47753117012872142204
hospital.501431170128104173228298336376439477511
Hospitals85133020128101171226296335374436474529
appeared14163302012863132202264327373436505
in19573302012839109
Ceylon21013302012894156226264334405
early25413302012863126172210281
in28553302012840111
the30013302012840110172
5th32083302012871328332720822570
century33893302012863126195234304351421
B.38443302012894129
C.40093302012893128
and41723302012863133204
in44123302012839109
India45573302012847117187225288
in48803302012842112
26050273302012871141210
B.C.52733302012893128222257
Hospitals85134880128101171226296335374436474529
were141634880128116178225286
founded17373488012862131202271341403473
during22463488012884154202240309380
the26603488012855124187
Middle289734880128125163232303342404
Ages335034880128102171234289
in36733488012855124
Italy,3833348801286299162201272305
France,41733488012893140202273335397432
England,464034880128101170241279342411482517
Spain51923488012893162225263332
and8513672012862133202
other10893672012895133204266312
European143636720128111180228298367430491562
countries.20333672012886156226297335382420483538573
The264136720128111180243
number29193672012894164273341405452
of34063672012895142
hospital35833672012895165219290328367429468
beds40873672012894156227281
was440336720128125187241
not46803672012895165204
always49203672012887125226288358411
an53673672012887157
indication8513857012839110179219281343381420490560
of14473857012877124
hospital16063857012877147202271310349412450
size,20913857012862102164226261
usually23873857012878132202264303342412
great28333857012878125187250289
beds31573857012877139209264
were346438570128101163210272
used37713857012877132195264
and40713857012870139209
4-643153857012879130199
patients45493857012878140179218280349389443
were503538570128102164210273
put53433857012877146186
on8514042012870141
one10264042012870141203
bed.12644042012870133202237
7.9564228012870105
Hospitals110642280128102171226296335374437475530
were168142280128101163209272
founded19884228012857126197267336399468
to24924228012849119
treat2646422801284895158220258
the29404228012848117180
sick31554228012864104165236
people.34264228012880142211282321383418
Another389042280128101169240278348411458
development43834228012879141211274312383452562622692732
during51504228012879150197235305374
the8514413012839110172
Middle106944130128125164233303342404
Ages152044130128101171234287
was185444130128102163218
the21064413012851122183
foundation23244413012859129199268339401440478549619
of29784413012881128
Universities.315344130128101169209278341388441481519558621675711
Many390944130128125187257328
of42704413012882129
the44344413012850120183
great46514413012882129190253292
European49784413012898166213282353415477546
Universities85145980128101171210280343390443483521560622677
were156445980128124186233295
founded18944598012871140210280350413482
during24114598012894164211249319389
the28364598012862132195
1330664598012893163
and32644598012886156227
14th35264598012893163369345680822569
centuries.37984598012886148218257327374412474528563
Biological439745980128117156226265334405443506568606
sciences50394598012878141179242311373436489
were85147840128101163210272
taught11584784012885146217286356395
in15884784012884154
the17774784012883154216
universities.202847840128114185223293356402456495534573636689725
Students278847840128123161231301363433472526
studied33494784012899138208277317380449
the38334784012883153216
human408447840128114184293353425
body454447840128114185254325
and490247840128108178248
some51854784012899169279339
diseases.8514969012870110164226289342405459494
Rapid237354800126101171249289367
scientific27755480012653116155217295342381427466529
advantages33375480012670149218288366413482552615669
8.9215637012870105
Great106156370128145192254316355
discoveries145156370128113153207269338409472517556619673
were215956370128146207254316
made251056370128153213283346
in28915637012883153
the30795637012882153214
19th332756370128114184351456070822570
century.361956370128107169238277347394464498
One415256370128145215277
of446456370128113161
them46605637012882152214323
was501656370128145207262
the53135637012883154216
discovery8515822012870110164226296366428475545
of14295822012893140
cocaine,16045822012885154217279317387449483
which212258220128124194233295365
was252158220128124186241
very27965822012893154201271
effective31015822012884131178240303342381451514
as36495822012885138
a38235822012884
local39415822012860131194255294
anaesthetic.42705822012884153216277332372441504542581643678
Surgeons498358220128100169217290353423493547
could8516007012862133202242311
inject11986007012858127167228291330
cocaine15646007012881150213275313383446
into20456007012857128166237
a23176007012881
certain24336007012882144191229291329400
part28696007012887150197236
of31416007012887134
the33096007012858129192
body35366007012889158229300
and38696007012881151222
deaden41276007012889150213283345414
(заглушать)45766007012866127189247317386493555616680727
the53386007012857128191
pain8516192012870133172242
in11276192012870140
that13026192012869139201240
part157761920128101163209248
during186061920128101170217255326396
the22916192012869138201
operation.252761920128100171232279342380419489558594
When318561920128133201264334
the35556192012870139202
problem379161920128101148217287326388497
of432161920128102149
pain450561920128100163201272
was481161920128132194249
solved,50946192012886155195264327396432
surgeons8516378012855125172241304373443498
could13856378012862131200240309
carry17306378012862125171218288
out20526378012870140179
long22666378012839109178249
and25506378012863132201
complicated27876378012862132241310349388450511550613682
operations.35056378012870139202249311349388458528583619
9.9216563012870105
A106165630128123
very12186563012892154201271
important15236563012860170237308355394457526565
discovery21236563012890130184247316386449495565
was272165630128123185242
made299865630128131191261325
by33586563012891162
the35536563012860131193
French37816563012899146208277340409
chemist,42266563012883152215323360415454490
physicist47516563012891162232285325387425479519
and53046563012884153223
bacteriologist8516747012870133195233296343381451490559630668723762
Louis164867470128137207277315370
Pasteur.205367470128129191246284347417463499
We258767470128183244
know286667470128121192262363
him326467470128121161270
as356767470128113168
the37716747012890160222
originator402867470128121168206276315385447486557603
of466667470128122168
the48696747012890160223
―germ512767470128113181244291400
(бактерия,8516933012847118181249311372442517581617
микроб)15056933012889163231300371442490
theory‖20306933012840109172241288359419
of24846933012873120
disease.26396933012872110166228289344406441
He311769330128101163
discovered33156933012872112166228298368430477539608
fermentation39596933012848111158267327397437499537576646716
and47116933012864133204
developed49496933012872135204267305374445508577
the8517118012839110172
process10597118012886133202265327381436
of15317118012886133
pasteurization16997118012887150204243306375421460523585623662732802
(пастеризация).25367118012865142205266328390459534590652726801865913949
Louis352071180128103172242281335
Pasteur38917118012896158211251313383430
produced43577118012887134203274343406469538
the49307118012856126189
theory51547118012856126188258304375
that8517303012839110172210
disease10977303012894133187250312366428
and15617303012887156226
infection18237303012863133179242303342381451521
were237973030128126188235297
caused27117303012888150219274336406
by31537303012894163
germs33517303012895157204313366
and37527303012887157228
he40167303012895157
proved42087303012894141210280343412
that46557303012864134197236
they49267303012863133195265
were522573030128126188234297