373
TOPIC2133287010064133194229286
4.244128701005982
RENAISSANCE2545287010066124193257292343395460528584642
PHILOSOPHY3210287010061133169224293344414476547608
8129178014010860120
beings567769012870133172242311366
are969769012891136198
equal1203769012890160230293331
in1569769012868137
the1742769012866137199
eyes1979769012889160220275
of2290769012898145
God.24707690128130200269305
Humans28107690128129199309369439494
are3340769012890137199
not3574769012899169207
exceptional3817769012890161222285354393432502572635673
in4525769012868137
this4698769012866137175230
regard.4964769012875136206269315384419
Religions5671011012894156195233304343413483537
attempt11391011012863102140203312380419
to15941011012839109
comprehend17391011012861131241308356418488551620691
the24651011012838108170
unknowable26701011012870140210280350451513583622685
God,339010110128101170240276
which370010110128102171211272343
is4078101101283893
why420510110128102171242
they44811011012839109172243
often47571011012870117156219288
make508110110128109169239302
mistakes56712530128109146201240303373436490
and10921253012867136207
differ13331253012875113160207269316
from1683125301285198167277
one19931253012874145208
another.22361253012866135206245314377424459
Therefore,27341253012886155217264325372442490552587
morality336012530128109177224287326364404474
should38681253012859129199269308378
be42811253012875136
based44531253012873136190252322
on48111253012873143
natural49901253012873136175244292354392
principles5671494012870117156226289327396436499552
rather11551494012860123160230293340
than15301494012852122184254
religious18191494012860123162200271309379450504
ones.23581494012885156218272308
Following27011494012892161200239308409448518588
Pomponazzi,33241494012892161271339409480543605668706741
Montaigne411314940128124195264304367404474545607
repeats47541494012861123193255318356411
the52001494012852122183
idea5671735012839110172234
that8361735012852121184222
the10931735012852122185
soul13131735012867137206246
is15941735012851106
mortal,174717350128109177224263326365400
and21831735012874145214
that24331735012852121184222
a26901735012876
moral281317350128110179226288326
person31751735012882145191245315386
is35961735012851106
one37371735012882152214
who399917350128102170241
does42751735012882152214269
not45801735012881151190
perform48061735012882144191238307354464
a53021735012877
moral56719770128109177224287326
act9281977012892155194
for11571977012877147193
the13851977012869138201
sake16211977012883146215278
of193419770128100146
an21151977012892162
afterlife23131977012891137176239285324362410472
reward.28201977012876139239301347418453
Instead,33081977012876147201240302364433469
a38121977012891
person39391977012899162209262333403
should43771977012884154224294333402
strive48151977012884123170209278341
for51911977012877146192
happiness5672219012870133202273311382444498552
rather11552219012862124162232294341
than15312219012854124187256
passively18212219012886149203257296366429467538
waiting240722190128101163202242281351420
for28662219012862132178
God's309422190128102171242268321
mercy346622190128109169216278350
in38492219012854125
heaven.40092219012886148211280342412447
The449122190128101170233
purpose47592219012886155203272342396459
of52532219012884132
life567246001283978126187
is7892460012848103
to9272460012849119
live1081246001284988158220
it.1335246001285088124
Thus,14942460012896164235289323
in18532460012849118
Montaigne's201724600128125194264303366404473544607632685
writings,274824600128102148186224263333403457492
the32762460012849118181
focus34912460012857127189259313
is38402460012848102
on39782460012879150
the41622460012848119182
individual43782460012849119188228298336407476539577
human49902460012880149259319389
being5672702012870133172242311
with91427020128178215254324
their127327020128114184247286332
relative164027020128123185224286324364433496
and217027020128139209279
finite248327020128123162232270310373
needs,289027020128145208270339394430
while335327020128178248286326388
God377527020128178248317
is412727020128115169
relegated433227020128123184223286355418456518588
to495527020128114185
an517527020128138207
indistinguishable5672943012839110179219273311351420490561599654724787856894957
and15592943012862132202
unknowable17952943012871141211281351453515584623685
background.25152943012870133195264334381450520591660696
In8503185012847117
the10093185012839109171
third12163185012846116155209279
stage15303185012863101171241303
of18683185012877117
Renaissance20263185012886148218288327382436506576638700
philosophy27623185012877146186224295349418489559621
(16th34193185012853123193233302
–37563185012880
early38713185012870139194233296
17th42023185012877146186256
century),44923185012870133202241311366428475510
which504631850128101170209272341
is567342601283994
known6973426012873143213315383
as11163426012867121
the12733426012842112175
natural14833426012873136175245292353392
philosophy19103426012875145183223292346417487556627
stage,2570342601285999161231294329
God293834260128101171241
is3215342601284297
either33473426012867105144214276323
declared37053426012874136199238299346409478
to42183426012844113
be43673426012873136
unknowable45383426012874144214284354456518587626688
or52613426012875121
completely5673668012862133242310350412451514552623
identified12233668012857127190260299338384423486555
with181336680128119157196267
nature21163668012887149188258305367
(pantheism).25183668012865135197267306375438477531641685720
During327436680128119189236275345415
this37253668012856126165219
period,39803668012888150197235305375411
thinkers44263668012856126164235305367414468
focused49293668012864135197267321383452
on5673909012870141
nature,7433909012877140178249296357392
its1170390901284785140
laws,13473909012846109210264300
and16823909012870139210
elements,19273909012871109171281340411450504540
as25023909012870125
well267039090128102163202241
as29463909012870124
on31063909012878148
the32893909012847117180
human35043909012877146256316386
being,39263909012878141180249319355
who432339090128102171242
was460939090128101163216
seen48613909012862124187257
as51533909012869124
a53133909012870
part5674150012870133180218
of8204150012896143
spiritualized9994150012880150189236274313383445484523585648717
nature.17514150012897159198268315378413
In21994150012872141
this23764150012865136174228
context,26404150012888158228267329398437473
God314841500128127197266
was345041500128127189244
presented37294150012897144206260322391431493563
as43274150012889143
an45064150012888157
impersonal,46994150012865175242305352407477547610648683
supreme5674393012855125195242304414474
natural10764393012886149188258305367405
unity.15174393012885155194233302337
This188943930128102171211266
unity21904393012886155195233304
was254443930128101163217
understood27974393012887156226289335389428498568638
as34714393012877132
the36394393012854123186
world386043930128118188234273343
soul42384393012871141210250
that45224393012856125188226
permeated47844393012885148195304364426465528598
the5674634012839110172
universe7734634012870140179249312359412475
and12834634012862131202
set15204634012853116154
it1709463401284179
in18234634012839109
motion.196846340128109177216256325396431
The8504875012886155218
original110348750128106153191261300370433471
unity160948750128106176215253324
of196648750128106153
nature215448750128106169207277325386
is25754875012875129
divided273948750128106144215254323386455
into32294875012874145183254
smaller35184875012889199259298337400447
natural400048750128105167206276323386423
units445848750128106176215254308
(elements48024875012882144182245354414484524579
studied567511601285594164233273336405
in10075116012850119
antiquity)11625116012874143181221290361399438508553
that17505116012851122184222
form20085116012857127175284
the23255116012850121182
structure25435116012865104151220283321392438499
and30775116012874143214
hierarchy33255116012882120183230292338400471541
of39005116012881129
the40635116012850120181
world.429151160128102171218256327362
The46875116012897167230
ratio49515116012858120158198267
of52545116012880128
the5675359012839110172
primary7755359012881129166276336383454
elements12625359012876115177288348418457512
(natural18095359012860130193232301348411449
primary22935359012883129168278338385456
principles)27825359012883131170239302341411449512565613
forms34305359012859129177286338
specific38045359012867138199262301348386449
natural42885359012883146184253300363401
phenomena47245359012883153215285355471531601664
and5675600012862133202
things.8055600012849120158228298353388
At123856000128102140
the14145600012849119181
same16315600012865127235296
time,1963560001284988198258293
a22925600012873
person24005600012881143190245315385
must283156000128109178233272
learn31385600012850112174220290
about34645600012873142212282321
nature38205600012881144181251298359
based42155600012880143198259330
on45805600012880150
experience47665600012872141212274321360421492555616
and5675841012862133202
their8055841012852121184222269
own11095841012882184253
reason,13975841012859122184238308378413
rather18455841012859121160230293339
than22205841012850120183253
on25075841012883153
divine26955841012882121191230299361
revelation.30915841012860122191254293355394432503573608
This37345841012898167206260
learning40305841012850113175221291331401470
leads45365841012850113175244299
to48705841012852121
a50275841012875
new51365841012883146247
understanding5676083012870141210273320373412475545615653724793
of139660830128136183
the161460830128103174236
world,188560830128167236284323392428
which234860830128166236276338407
lacks279160830128105167229299354
a318060830128128
central334360830128128191260298345408447
point382560830128135206244314353
and421360830128128198268
is451760830128105159
considered471160830128128198268322361431494541602671
homogeneous.5676325012870141250318389452521584653724778814
As141663250128127181
a16326325012889
result,17566325012873135190259299337373
the21646325012864134197
planet23966325012896135197266329368
Earth280063250128112173219258329
and31646325012888157227
the34276325012865134197
human36596325012896166276336406
being41006325012897159198269339
on44746325012895166
it46756325012865104
lose48146325012865135189252
their51016325012865134197235281
central5676566012862125195233281343381
position.9836566012871140195233272311381452487
We85068070128133193
begin10786807012877140210250320
our14336807012876146193
review16616807012853116185224286387
of20836807012877124
the22426807012845115177
thinkers24546807012846116154225294357404457
of29476807012876123
the31056807012845115177
third33176807012846116155202272
period36246807012876139185223294364
with403068070128101138178247
the43136807012845115177
Polish45256807012885155194233287357
scientist49176807012862123162225294333372426465
Nicolaus56770490128101140203273311374443498
Copernicus11097049012893164233296343412450513583637
(1473-1543).17827049012854125195265335384453523593663710745
From25627049012887134203312
an29077049012871143
early30857049012872134181219289
age,34087049012871141204239
Copernicus36917049012894163233295342411451513583638
was437370490128102163217
fascinated46257049012856117172235273343405444506576
by52367049012879150
astronomy.5677291012862117157203273343412522591625
He122872910128101163
spent14267291012856126189259298
most175972910128109177232271
of20667291012871118
his22197291012870109164
life2418729101283979126188
writing264172910128101147186225264334404
his30807291012871109164
magnum328072910128109169239310380490
opus,38047291012870140211265301
On413972910128101171
the43467291012839109172
Revolutions45547291012893156225294334404442481551622676
of52657291012870116
the5677532012839110172
Heavenly77375320128129191253323385455494564
Spheres,137175320128105175246308355416470505
which191175320128129198238300370
was231675320128129191244
published25967532012896166236275314368438500570
posthumously32017532012897167221260330401510578649703742813
in40477532012866137
1543.42197532012897167237307342
In45967532012874144
this47767532012865134174228
book,50397532012897167237307342