381
TOPIC2133287010064133194229286
4.244128701005982
RENAISSANCE2545287010066124193257292343395460528584642
PHILOSOPHY3210287010061133169224293344414476547608
8029178014010860120
Erasmus850769012886132194249359427482
engaged1367769012885155225287356419488
in1891769012861131
a2056769012885
polemic2176769012893162202264373409472
with26837690128124163202273
Martin30127690128125188234272312381
Luther,34297690128108178216286348395430
primarily3894769012892139178287347394433473543
about4471769012884154224295333
free486676901283994157218
will51197690128116155194232
.5352769012835
Luther5671011012886155195265327374
believed9761011012871134173211274343406475
that14871011012841110173211
humans17331011012873143253313383438
do22071011012871141
not23841011012871141180
have25991011012872134204266
free2900101101284995157219
will.315710110128101139179217253
Some34471011012878148258317
people38001011012872134205274314376
are42101011012864111173
born44181011012872142189259
destined47131011012871134187227265335397468
for52161011012849118165
Hell,56712530128101163202242277
while88112530128101170209248310
others12261253012872110181242289344
are16041253012865111174
destined18121253012872135188228266336399468
for23151253012849118165
Heaven.251712530128102163226295357427462
Both30151253012893163202272
thinkers33221253012841111149220289352399452
drew38101253012871118180282
on41261253012871141
the43021253012840111173
teachings45091253012841103166228297337406476531
of50751253012871125
St.52361253012878117152
Augustine,56714940128101171242311366405444514577612
who122614940128102171241
believed15021494012883146184224286355418487
that20251494012852122185223
humans22821494012885154264324394449
lose27671494012851122176239
their30401494012853122185223270
free33451494012861108169231
will362614940128101138178216
when389214940128101169232301
they42281494012853122185255
fall45171494012860123162200
away47531494012876177239309
from50961494012860107177287
God.56717350128101171242277
However,89317350128101170271333403466512547
Augustine148917350128101171241310365404443513576
also20981735012877116170239
argued23731735012876123192263324395
that28021735012853123185224
there30611735012852122185231293
is33891735012852107
something35321735012867137247306345416456525596
good41621735012884154225294
within450617350128101140178248287357
humans,48981735012883154264324394449483
which56719770128101171210273342
implies9451977012870179247287326388442
that14231977012870139202240
they16991977012869139202272
still20041977012886125165203243
have228219770128100163232295
freedom.26121977012877124186249318388497530
This317719770128117187227282
is34941977012870124
the36531977012870140203
perspective389119770128100162209263332395457495535604667
that45931977012870140202240
Erasmus486919770128116163225280389457512
adopted5672219012862133202273311374443
in10462219012839109
his11902219012871109163
criticism13892219012863110148186226288326380489
of19112219012871118
Luther.20652219012885155195264327374409
Although250922190128102139178248319388458528
man's307322190128109169239265320
mind342922190128109146216287
is3751221901283993
darkened38802219012870132179249311380443512
by44282219012870140
sin,4602221901285594164200
his48362219012870110164
will503622190128101140178217
is5288221901283994
not5672460012870141179
so7822460012862133
corrupted9512460012871140187234303373412475544
as15312460012871125
to16912460012847117
prevent18432460012880127188258320390429
him23072460012879118228
from25672460012856103173283
serving28832460012863127174244283354423
good.33422460012878149218288323
Thus,37002460012895165235289325
Erasmus40602460012895140202257366434489
of45852460012879126
Rotterdam,47562460012893162201240303348419480590622
drawing5672702012870117180281320389459
on106127020128117187
the12832702012886155218
teachings15362702012886148211272342382451521576
of214727020128116163
Christian234527020128140210258296350389428490559
and293927020128109179250
ancient322427020128109178241278341411450
thinkers,37092702012886155195265334397443497533
argues427727020128108155225295358411
that47242702012885155217256
man's501627020128156216286312366
salvation5672943012855117156226289327366436505
and11082943012863133203
attainment13462943012863102142205243312422483553593
of19742943012870117
truth2126294301284087157195266
depend24272943012871133202265334405
on28672943012870140
his30422943012871110165
education32422943012863132202265327365404474544
and38212943012863134203
free4060294301284794155217
will,431329430128102140180218254
rather46022943012847109148218281327
than49652943012839109171241
on52422943012870139
heredity,5673185012870133180242311351389460493
nobility,10953185012870140211250288327366437470
miracles,160031850128110146195257319358421475510
or21453185012870117
wealth.229731850128102163225263302372408
One85034260128101171234
of11193426012896143
the12973426012865135198
most153034260128135203258297
important18633426012865175243314361399462531569
Renaissance246834260128120182252315353407462525594656719
philosophers32223426012895166204244313367438507577640687740
was399834260128127189243
the42773426012865135197
French450834260128104151214284347416
thinker49593426012865135174244315376423
Michel56736680128125164227296358396
de9993668012892154
Montaigne121136680128125193263303365403473544605
(1533-1592).18513668012870140209279350399468537608678725760
He264636680128123185
is28653668012861116
known30153668012893162233335403
for34543668012869138185
creating36743668012883130193255293332402472
a41813668012884
new43003668012893155257
literary4591366801286099138201250312359429
genre50543668012892155225272334
called5673909012862125164202265335
the9373909012848117180
essay.11513909012872126180243313347
His154239090128101139195
book,17723909012878149219288324
«The21313909012881166236298
Essays»,24653909012895147202264334387459493
is29933909012848103
a31323909012870
collection32373909012872141180219282343382420491561
of38333909012878126
essays39943909012870125179240311364
written440239090128102148187226266327398
in48343909012848118
French49883909012887133195265327397
rather5674150012847109148218281327
than9294150012843112175244
Latin,12124150012886147186225296331
so15784150012856127
that17414150012841110173212
more199241500128109177224286
people23134150012874137206275315378
could27264150012865134204243313
read30754150012850112174243
it.3354415001284281116
Montaigne's350841500128125195265304366405475544607632687
goal42294150012874145207245
was451341500128101163218
not47664150012873143182
only49834150012874143182252
to52694150012842112
advance5674393012862133202265335397459
science10614393012855117156218287350413
but15074393012870140180
also17224393012862100155225
to19824393012839108
reach21264393012847109171233303
a24644393012863
wider256143930128102140210272319
audience.29154393012863132202241303373435498533
The8504634012886155218
main112046340128109169208279
goal14344634012887157220258
of17274634012887134
the18964634012855125187
book21204634012887157227297
is24524634012856111
to25984634012854125
know27594634012885156225327
oneself.31214634012886156219273335374421456
However,361246340128118188289351420483530565
he42124634012886148
does43954634012887157219274
not47044634012887157195
want493546340128117179249288
to52584634012856126
know5674875012870141210312
a9144875012883
person10324875012892155201255325395
in14634875012860129
general,16284875012891154223286333395433469
but21324875012891161200
a23674875012884
specific24864875012876146208271309356395457
person.29784875012891154201254325394430
Montaigne346448750128125195265303366405474544607
encourages41064875012883153215284355402463534596650
readers47914875012868131193262325372425
to52524875012860130
reject5675116012847109148210272311
any9145116012864134205
authority11525116012865135175244314361400439509
or16945116012873120
philosophical18495116012872143181221290344415485554594656718757
school26415116012857118189258328366
in30435116012841112
this31905116012840110149203
process34285116012873120189252314367423
of38865116012871118
self-discovery.40395116012857120157205257326366420482552622685731801834
Genuine491151160128101163233304343413476
philosophy5675359012870141179219288342413483552623
should12235359012870141211281319390
not16495359012884153193
be18775359012884147
based20595359012884147201263332
on24275359012885158
faith.26215359012861124162201271306
Instead,29615359012862132187226288351420455
it3451535901285393
focuses35795359012862131194263318380434
on40495359012884154
the42385359012854124187
individual,44605359012853124193232302341410481544582617
their51125359012854124187225271
needs,5675600012870133195264319355
struggles,9575600012879118165234304374413475530566
and15585600012886156226
joys,18195600012863133205258293
making214756000128135195265305376446
it26295600012864102
a27675600012887
joyful28895600012864133204249319359
pursuit.32835600012895165212266336374414449
Montaigne379256000128125195265303366404474544607
was443456000128126188243
particularly47125600012895157204243281344413452514561600671
influenced5675841012839110157195264327396459521590
by11935841012888158
the13855841012857128191
ideas16115841012857127189251306
of19535841012887135
the21235841012856126189
ancient23475841012881150213251313382422
skeptics,28035841012874143205275315354416470505
which334358410128120190228291360
he37395841012887150
popularized.39245841012888158228298337400446485548609679715
He467458410128120181
believed48895841012889152190229291360423492
that5676083012839110172210
human8136083012871141251311381
reason12306083012849111173227296367
could16336083012864133203242312
not19806083012871142180
prove21966083012871118188258320
the25526083012839109175
existence27626083012865134173227266328399460523
of33206083012871118
God.347560830128101171241276
In37866083012849118
order39396083012873119189252297
to42726083012841111
know44186083012872142211313
something,47666083012856126235295334405444514585619
it567632501283978
is681632501284196
necessary8136325012872134197259313367430476547
to13936325012842113
reject15416325012850113152214275314
all18906325012866104143
established20696325012865119158220290329368422492555624
traditions2728632501284290152221259299337408478532
and32956325012866136206
to35426325012839110
doubt36876325012872142213282322
everything40446325012865127188243306343414453522593
.46396325012835
Only471263250128101171209280
after50256325012866113152215261
a53216325012866
person5676566012870133180233304373
has9766566012870133186
been11986566012870132195264
cleansed14986566012862101163225295349412482
of20156566012870116
various21676566012870133179217288358412
prejudices26146566012870117179218289358398459522576
can32266566012862125193
true3455656601284086156219
knowledge37086566012870140210312351413483552615
begin.43586566012870133202241311347
However,474065660128101170272333404465512547
a53226566012862
person5676807012870133180233304373
is9766807012879133
not114568070128110180219
capable140068070128103165234297366404467
of190268070128111158
knowing209568070128111180250352390460531
something26616807012898168277338377448487556627
absolutely;332368070128103172227297335406444507545616653
they40116807012880150212282
can432868070128102165235
only459968070128110181219290
possess492268070128111181236290353407462
relative5677049012847109148211249288358421
knowledge.10217049012871141211313351413483553616651
As85072910128101155
a10417291012863
part11397291012871134181219
of13937291012871118
nature,15467291012870133171242289350385
humans19667291012871141250310380436
must243972910128109177232272
live2746729101283978148211
in29927291012840110
accordance31377291012863125187257304373436505568630
with380372910128102140178249
it.4088729101283978113
Only423772910128101171209279
by45517291012871141
considering47257291012864134204259299369431478516586656
the5677532012839110172
laws7757532012839102204258
of10687532012872118
nature12227532012872134172243290351
can16087532012865127196
they18407532012841110173243
achieve21177532012864126197236299368431
true2583753201284188157220
freedom2838753201284995157219289359469
of33417532012871118
will.349675320128101140179218254
According378775320128101163225295343412451521591
to44137532012841112
Montaigne,456275320128125194264303366404473544606641
all52387532012864103141