406
TOPIC2133287010064133194229286
4.244128701005982
RENAISSANCE2545287010066124193257292343395460528584642
PHILOSOPHY3210287010061133169224293344414476547608
7729178014010860120
Drawing8507690128101148210311350420490
on1376769012875145
Neoplatonism,15637690128102164233303342404442513583622676786818
Mirandola24237690128125164211273344413483522585
argues3042769012869116185256318372
for3450769012853122170
a3654769012869
free375876901285399161224
human4017769012876145255315385
creator,4438769012869114177239278348395430
standing4903769012860100162232301340410480
at5671011012862101
the7041011012859128191
center9301011012882144214253315362
of13271011012889136
the14991011012857128190
world,172410110128120190237276346381
who214010110128121191260
can24361011012882145214
act26851011012882145183
without290310110128120159198268339408448
regard33861011012866128197260307376
for37971011012867137183
the40161011012858128190
medieval424110110128130190261300363432495533
scholastic48091011012875137207276316377432471510572
theories5671253012839110172241289327389443
of10451253012871117
the11971253012838109171
church,14031253012862132202249311380415
as18531253012862116
truth2005125301283986155195264
and23051253012862131201
God254212530128101169240
cannot28181253012862124193264333372
be32251253012871133
adequately33931253012862131194263333396435496535606
represented40321253012847109180226289343405475514577646
in47131253012839109
them.48571253012839108171280313
Another85014940128101171242280351412459
leading13441494012840102165235273343414
thinker17931494012839108148218287350397
of22251494012870117
this23771494012839109148203
period26151494012871134179218288358
was300914940128101163217
Pietro32621494012878117180217265335
Pomponazzi36321494012879149258326397467529591654692
(1462-1525).43591494012848117187257327377448517587657704739
As513314940128102156
a53241494012863
follower5671735012847117157195265366428475
of107717350128105152
Aristotle,126417350128136182220275313384423461524558
he185717350128104167
denied205917350128105167236276338408
the25031735012872142204
immortality27421735012874183291359406445508547587625696
of347117350128104152
the36581735012873144207
soul.39001735012888158228266302
Pomponazzi423717350128112182292360430501564625687726
was499917350128136198251
a52861735012895
proponent5671977012870117188257327397459529568
of117019770128106152
the13571977012875145208
theory16001977012874144206276323393
of202719770128106153
two22151977012875176246
truths:24971977012873120189229298353392
the29241977012874144207
truth31661977012874121190229299
of350119770128104151
philosophy368719770128106176215254323378448518588659
and43791977012898168239
the46541977012873143205
truth48951977012874121190229300
of523019770128105151
religion.5672219012847109148187257296366436471
The10762219012886156219
truths1330221901284188158196266321
of16872219012872118
philosophy18402219012874144183224294348419488558629
are25022219012865112174
the27122219012842113175
truths2922221901284389159199268322
of32802219012873120
reason,34362219012850112174228298368404
while387822190128101171209248310
the42222219012842113176
truths4433221901284288159197267322
of47902219012872120
religion49452219012850112151190259299368439
are5672460012862109171
necessary77424600128120183245307361415478524595
for14022460012897167214
everyday165124600128113183246293363431494564
life22492460012889128175238
and252224600128112182253
do281124600128119188
not303524600128120190229
contain330024600128112181252290353391461
either379724600128112150190259322368
truth42002460012889136206245315
or455124600128119166
falsehood.47522460012897159198252315384455524594629
Therefore,5672702012886155218265327374443490553588
only119027020128145215254325
philosophy154827020128147216255294364419489558629699
provides228127020128146193263332372441504558
the287427020128114184247
truth.315627020128114161230270339375
Thus,356627020128162230301355390
Pomponazzi399127020128155224332400471541604666729768
separates479327020128130193263325372434472535589
philosophy5672943012870141179219288342413483552623
from12232943012879126196306
religion,15612943012879142181220290329399469504
which210029430128133203241304373
does250929430128101171234287
not283229430128101171209
deal307729430128103166229266
with337929430128133172210281
truth.36942943012872119188226297332
In40602943012879149
his424329430128103141196
treatise44752943012869117179240279318373434
On494529430128133203
the51822943012871141204
Immortality5673185012847157265333380419482521560599669
of12703185012877124
the14293185012846116179
Soul,16433185012885154225263299
Pomponazzi19773185012884154264332403473536597659699
follows27113185012854123162201270372426
Aristotle317931850128102148187241281350390428491
in37053185012846115
arguing38563185012869116185256294365434
that43263185012846115178217
the45793185012844115178
soul47923185012860130200240
is50673185012845100
the52023185012846116177
form5673426012847117164273
of8733426012870117
the10253426012839110173
body,12313426012871141211281315
and15813426012862132203
since1818342601285594164226289
the21423426012838108171
body23473426012870140210281
decays,26613426012870133195258328381416
the31123426012839108171
soul33203426012855124195233
is3589342601283993
mortal371734260128101171225264334372
.40913426012835
It850366801284786
follows9713668012885155194233303405459
that14653668012877147209247
a174836680128100
person188336680128108171217271342412
should23303668012893162232303341412
perform277736680128107170217264333380489
moral330036680128149216264326365
actions370136680128100162201240310380435
not417136680128107178217
for44233668012885155202
the46603668012877147210
sake49113668012892155224287
of523336680128108155
receiving5673909012847109171234273343381452521
a11243909012883
reward12423909012870132233295342411
in16893909012860130
heaven,18543909012891154217286348417453
but23423909012891162200
for25783909012869138185
the27973909012861131193
sake30253909012877140209272
of33313909012892138
the35043909012862132194
actions37323909012885147185225294364419
themselves.41863909012861131193303355417457527590643679
In49003909012869138
other50733909012892130201263308
words,56741500128101171218288342378
morality98041500128130198245308347386426496
exists15104150012883153193247285340
not18864150012890161199
for21214150012868137184
the23404150012860130193
sake25684150012876137207270
of28734150012891137
something,30454150012876146256316355426464535604640
but37204150012891161200
for39564150012868137184
its41744150012860100154
own43634150012892193263
sake.46624150012874137206269304
If50014150012868114
you51504150012892160231
perform5674393012870133180226296343452
a10524393012862
moral115043930128109177224286325
action15114393012862125164203273342
for18894393012847117164
the20884393012838108171
sake22944393012853116185248
of25774393012870117
a27294393012862
reward,28264393012847110210271318388424
it3285439301283978
ceases33994393012862123185240302356
to37914393012837108
be39334393012870133
moral.410143930128109177224286325361
This44974393012885155195250
means478243930128109169231302361
that51784393012840109171210
the5674634012839110172
belief77346340128100162201239302349
in11574634012868137
the13304634012867138201
immortality15654634012868178285353400439501541580618689
of228746340128100147
the24694634012869139201
soul27064634012883152223261
destroys300246340128100162216255303372442495
morality.353346340128138206253316355394433503537
Later,410546340128116178217280326361
the45024634012867137200
founder47364634012877146216286356418465
of52364634012899145
German56748750128101163210320380450
classical105348750128111150213266320360423484523
philosophy,161148750128118188227266336390460531600671704
Immanuel23504875012896206314374444515578617
Kant,300248750128150212282321356
would339348750128150220289328398
use382748750128118172235
this40974875012886157195250
principle438248750128119166204274336375445483546
as496348750128112165
the51644875012886157219
foundation5675116012847117188257327390428467537607
of12085116012871118
his13595116012871110164
ethical15595116012862101170209271333372
philosophy.19655116012870141179219288343413483552623656
Pomponazzi8505359012878148258326396467530592653692
also15785359012892130185254
tries18685359012869116154215270
to21745359012868138
understand23485359012899169240302348403441504573644
the30275359012869138201
nature326253590128100163202271318381
of367853590128100147
God.386053590128131201275310
If42055359012876123
God436353590128131201271
controls46705359012892161231270317386426480
the51855359012869138201
world,56756000128101171218257327362
then9645600012842113175245
he12455600012873135
is1415560001284297
responsible15485600012850112166236306376430469540578641
for22245600012850120167
all24265600012866104143
the26055600012842112175
evil28155600012865134174212
that30635600012842113174213
exists33125600012866135174228268322
in36695600012842112
the38175600012842112174
world.403056000128101171217256326362
In44275600012850119
this45815600012842113152207
case,48235600012866128181244279
God514056000128102171241
is567584101283994
not6965841012873143182
good.9135841012873143212283319
Pomponazzi12685841012878149258326397466528590653692
believes19945841012874137175213276345408462
that24915841012842112174212
God274258410128101170239
is3017584101284196
not31485841012873143182
responsible33655841012850112165236306375430469538578641
for40405841012850119166
the42415841012841112173
evil44495841012866135175213
in46985841012841110
the48445841012841111173
world505558410128102171219257326
because5676083012870133195258327381444
he10466083012886149
is12306083012857111
not13776083012886156195
a16086083012880
person17226083012886149196249320390
and21476083012880149219
does24016083012888158220274
not27106083012887158196
have29426083012886149218281
free32586083012864111173235
will.352860830128119157196235271
According383860830128119181243312358428468538607
to44816083012856126
Pomponazzi,46436083012895164274342412483546607669708743
God56763250128101171242
is844632501283994
a9746325012862
non-personal,10716325012871140210258328390437491561631693731767
blind18736325012870109148218288
fate,21966325012848110148211246
or24776325012871117
the26296325012840109172
non-personal28366325012870140209259329391437492562631694732
laws36036325012840103204257
of38966325012871117
nature.40486325012871133171241288350385
Evil44686325012886156195234
is4737632501283994
the48676325012839108171
result50736325012847110163233272311
of5676566012870117
contradictions7196566012871141211249296359428467529568606677747801
in15556566012847117
the17076566012848117180
world193065660128101171218256327
that22926566012846117178217
are25456566012870117178
necessary27586566012879141204265319375436483553
for33456566012855125172
maintaining356165660128110170209279319381419489528598668
order.42646566012878126195258304339
Evil46466566012886156194234
is49156566012846101
a50516566012871
part51576566012877140186224
of5676807012870117
the7196807012850120182
good9366807012881151221291
that12626807012850119182221
exists15196807012872142181235274328
in18826807012850120
the20386807012849119182
world.226568070128101171218256326361
Thus,26616807012896166236291326
Pomponazzi,30226807012888159268336407477540602669707742
unlike38006807012880150189227298361
the41966807012848119182
first4413680701285795142196235
Renaissance46946807012894156225288327381435498568630692
Neoplatonists,56770490128101163233304343405443514584622677715771806
completely14087049012869138248315355418457519557628
deprives20697049012877140210257297366429482
God259470490128101171240
of28707049012877123
the30287049012846116179
personality32427049012876139186239310379442480519558629
that39047049012846116179217
governs41567049012877148218280327396450
the46427049012846115178
world.486270490128101171218256327362
In52597049012852121
this5677291012839110148203
regard,8067291012848110180243288359394
humans12357291012871142251311381437
must170872910128109177232271
be20157291012872135
guided21857291012872142181251313383
by26037291012872143
the27797291012841112174
laws29887291012841103205259
of32827291012871118
morality,343772910128110178225287326366404475508
without398272910128101141180250320390428
relying44467291012849111150221258329398
on48807291012872142
God's505972910128101171241265320
help5677532012870133172242
or84475320128113160
the10397532012883153216
afterlife.129075320128106153191254301338377424486520
It18457532012893132
is20127532012883137
the21857532012883152215
human243575320128114184294354424
personality289575320128114176223277347417480518557596666
that35947532012883154219257
comes388775320128106176285346401
to43237532012883154
the45127532012882153215
fore47627532012891161208269
here.506675320128115178223284319