233
TOPIC1955287010064133194229286
3.226328701005982
PHILOSOPHY2367287010062134168223293344414475547607
OF2997287010069124
THE3144287010064136193
MIDDLE3359287010085120190261315373
AGES3755287010065129187238
4329178014010860120
divine921769012870110179219288351
justice)1306769012892161215255293356418465
through1805769012890161208277347417487
logic2328769012890159230268331
and26937690128115184255
dialectics.29827690128123161224262325386425464526581616
The36327690128138208270
arguments39367690128115162231302411471541581635
between46077690128121184221323385447518
the5159769012892161224
Mutakallim56710110128125195233296366428467506545655
(theologians12551011012882121192255324362433503541604674728
of201910110128104151
Kalam)220510110128137199237300409453
and26941011012898168239
Falasifa296710110128114176215278331371417479
(philosophers)34811011012883152222261299370424495564634696743797844
were436110110128137198245306
heated:470210110128106168230269331401440
the51771011012875145206
former5671253012847117164273333380
accused9821253012865127189260314377447
the14641253012840110173
latter16721253012840103140180243288
of19951253012873120
excessive21491253012864133196258312367405476538
reliance27221253012848111149188251320383445
on32021253012871141
reason33781253012849111174227297368
and37811253012863133203
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from4577125301284895164274
the48841253012841111174
letter50931253012840103142180243289
of5671494012870117
the7191494012840109172
Koran,92614940128101170218279349385
the13461494012837108170
latter15511494012838101139178241287
accused18731494012862124187257311374443
the23511494012839108171
former25571494012847116163272332379
of29711494012871118
dogmatism.31241494012871140210319379418458513622655
Sufism,9211735012870141179219273375409
Islamic13771735012847101140209311350412
mysticism183617350128102163217256295357396451552
,23891735012835
offered24591735012881128174237284345415
a29101735012874
special30191735012865134197259298360399
way346517350128102163234
of37321735012882129
knowledge.38951735012882152222324361424493564626660
For45901735012890160207
Sufis,48321735012890159206245299335
the52021735012850120182
path5671977012870133172242
to8441977012863133
Truth101319770128110157226265335
lay13831977012864127197
not16131977012895166204
through18531977012864133180251320390461
logical23491977012863133203241304367404
constructions,27891977012887157227282320368437499538577647717771807
but36311977012894164204
through38701977012863132179250319390460
personal43651977012895157204258328397460498
spiritual48991977012879149188235273313382444482
experience,5672219012862133202265312351412483544607642
asceticism,12442219012862117179241280318381419474583616
love18952219012839110180243
of21722219012870117
God232422190128101171240
and26002219012862133202
mystical283622190128109178231270310372435474
enlightenment33462219012862132170209279349388450520630690760800
(Fig.41852219012846124162232267
24).44872219012870140187222
The9212460012886154216
great117124600128109155217278316
thinker15202460012878148185255323385431
al-Ghazali198524600128101138183283352413475536574612
(1058-1111)26322460012886153223291361407475545613683728
went339424600128140201270308
through37372460012878147193262330400468
all424024600128101138176
the44512460012877145207
schools:46922460012894156224294362400453492
he521824600128108170
studied567270201285593163231270331399
falsafa10012702012876137175229290335397
and14322702012892161230
kalam16972702012898159197259367
perfectly,209627020128100162208253314376414452522554
and26832702012892161231
then,29492702012868138200269303
having328627020128100161229268337406
experienced37262702012892161230291337375437505565626695
a44562702012892
deep458227020128100161223292
spiritual49082702012883153191238274313381443481
crisis,5672943012862108146200238291326
turned9262943012856125172239301370
to13302943012855125
Sufism.14882943012894163210247300408440
He196229430128119179
created21752943012879125186247285347416
a26252943012879
grandiose27382943012887133194262330369438491553
synthesis33252943012871141208246316378430469521
where388129430128118186248293353
the42682943012856125187
Sufi44892943012895162209246
practice47702943012885132193254292329391452
of52562943012887133
cleansing5673185012862100162223292346384453522
the11233185012838107168
heart13233185012870132193239277
became16333185012870132192253362421
the20883185012838107169
core22913185012861130176237
of25613185012870116
a27113185012861
truly2806318501283783153190259
religious30983185012845106144182252290360430483
life.3615318501283876122183217
This9217125012886154193247
intense12027125012840108147209276330392
work162971250128101170216284
of19477125012871117
thought20987125012840108178248316386423
–25557125012872
the26627125012838108170
dialogue28667125012871108170207276345414476
and33747125012863132202
dispute36117125012871108162230300337399
between40447125012871132170271332393461
Revelation45407125012894155224286323385423460530598
(the5173712501284785154215
Quran),56773660128101170216277346392426
reason10277366012845106168221291360
(falsafa1422736601284591152190243304350410
and18667366012861130199
kalam)20987366012871132170232340383
and25157366012861130200
mystical274973660128110177229268307369430468
experience32517366012861129198260306342404473535596
(Sufism)38817366012845122191238274327436480
–43937366012871
has44977366012870132185
become47157366012870132193262371430
the51797366012837107169
Fig.22496073010873105165196
24.24756073010860120150
Sufism26756073010867134174207254348
–30546073010860
Islamic3144607301084793126186279313366
mysticism.35396073010893148194228261315348394487519
On5826315011087147
the7596315011065125178
left:9676315011066119160193227
A122463150110119
mystic137363150110125187232265298352
(Sufi).17556315011073140200240273313343
His212863150110119152199
soul23576315011079139199232
strives26196315011079113153186246299346
for29966315011072132172
union31986315011092152185245305
with353463150110119153186246
the38106315011066126179
Divine.401963150110120154214247307360390
The443963150110106166219
dance46876315011092147206260314
in50306315011066126
the51866315011066126180
background5826473011060113166226287325385445505565
is1177647301104187
a12966473011060
spiritual13866473011053114147187221254314368400
practice18186473011067107160212245279332386
that22346473011040100153187
leads2451647301104095148207254
to27356473011040100
such28656473011054114169228
enlightenment31236473011061120154187249307341394454547601660694
through38476473011040100140203263324384
movement,42686473011093153213266360413473506536
music,48416473011094154200234287317
and51886473011061121181
love.582663201103393153207237
On8626632011086146
the10386632011046106160
right:1228663201105386147206239272
A15316632011099
mausoleum16736632011094148208254314348401461554
of22576632011074113
a24006632011066
16th-century24966632011073133166226268323375435468530570630
Sufi31546632011080140180213
saint33976632011060113146206240
(India),3667663201105395153213247300340369
built40666632011073134168201235
during43316632011073133173207267327
the46866632011047107160
era48766632011066107160
of50656632011073113
the52086632011046106161
Mughal58267900110107167227286339372
Empire.9846790011073166227260300353383
During13986790011086146186219279340
this1767679001103495128175
period,19726790011060113153186246306336
Sufism23386790011067127167200247340
was27106790011086140186
integrated2926679001103393126180240278332365419479
into3435679001103393126186
the3651679001103494147
social38286790011047107160193246279
and41386790011054114174
political43426790011060120154187221254308361393
life4766679001103367107160
of49556790011060100
India.50856790011041100160193246276