325
TOPIC1955287010064133194229286
3.226328701005982
PHILOSOPHY2367287010062134168223293344414475547607
OF2997287010069124
THE3144287010064136193
MIDDLE3359287010085120190261315373
AGES3755287010065129187238
3529178014010860120
5)921769012870117
Proof1073769012886132201271318
from1426769012854100170279
Final1738769012885124194257295
Cause2074769012894156226280343
(Teleological2452769012854140201239302371411480550589652713752
Argument):32457690128101147217288398458528567615653
Even3940769012886155217287
non-rational4262769012877146216267314376414453523593655694
natural4991769012877139178247295357395
bodies5671011012870141210249312366
(e.g.,9691011012855116151221256291
stars)12961011012862100163210263311
move165010110128109178248310
purposefully.19951011012878148195264335389452499568607646716749
Therefore,27871011012886156218265328374445491554589
there34101011012847117180226289
is37341011012846101
an38701011012874144
Intelligence40491011012855124162225264303341412475544606668
that47521011012847116179218
directs50061011012877115162225287325380
them5671253012839110172282
to8811253012839110
their10261253012839109171209256
end13181253012862131201
–15561253012869
this16601253012839109148203
is1898125301283893
God.202612530128102171241276
A92114940128101
key10571494012873136206
anthropological12971494012865135175245292362432501541610680720782844881
idea22141494012842112175237
in24851494012842112
Thomas26361494012885155225334394449
Aquinas's312414940128101171241280350413467492546
teaching37051494012843104167229298338407477
is4217149401284397
the43491494012841112175
idea45581494012841111174235
of48281494012874120
man498614940128110169240
as52611494012866121
a5671735012862
rational6641735012896158197236306376439477
person117617350128118181228281351421
created163317350128110157218280319382451
in21201735012886157
the23111735012888158221
image25671735012886196256326389
of299117350128119166
God.319217350128151219290325
Man's355217350128176239309335388
highest397617350128117157226297359413452
purpose446317350128118189236305375430492
is49901735012888142
the51671735012887157219
intellectual5671977012839110148211249288351412451521584622
knowledge12241977012870140210312349412481552613
of18731977012870117
God.202519770128101171240276
The9212219012886155218
teaching11742219012888151213276345385454524
of173422190128119166
Thomas193522190128136204274383443498
Aquinas246822190128152221292331401463518
(30202219012897
Thomism31182219012878147218318357412514
)36322219012847
greatly371422190128119166228291329367438
influenced41852219012889160207245316377446509571641
Catholic486122190128144205244313384423461524
theology5672460012839110172241280351420491
and10912460012873143214
philosophy.13402460012881151189228298352423492563634667
In20422460012857127
the22052460012849120182
14th24222460012880150189259
century,27172460012872135204243313360430464
he32162460012880143
was340424600128102163218
canonized36582460012872135205275345384447509578
and42712460012873143213
became45202460012880142204267376436
known49912460012881151222323391
as5672702012862117
a7202702012862
saint.8172702012854117155224264299
In9212943012847117
the10742943012868138201
late13102943012868131169232
period157729430128100162208247317387
of199929430128100147
scholasticism,21802943012884147217287326388443481521582622676785818
the30342943012868139202
main327129430128139200239309
debate361629430128100163232294332395
became404629430128100163224286396456
the45382943012869139202
one477529430128100169232
about50422943012892161232302340
universals.5673185012870141179249312358412475514568603
Universals125731850128101171209272335388443513551606
are189931850128114160222
general215631850128121184253316363424463
concepts265531850128113182252315376446486540
(e.g.,32303185012898161196264300335
«man»,360031850128122232292362433468
«tree»).41453185012870109156218280351397432
Philosophers461231850128129200238277347401472541611674720774
debated5673426012870133202265304366436
where103834260128102171233280342
general14143426012870133203265312374412
concepts18613426012863133202265327397435490
come23873426012862131240300
from2722342601284794164275
and30313426012862132202
how32683426012870140242
they35443426012839109172242
exist.38193426012862132171227265301
Realists9213667012886148218257296351389443
(Thomas14273668012847133202272381441496
Aquinas)195936680128128198268307377439494540
asserted25343668012890143198260307346409478
that30463668012867136199237
universals33173668012898167207276339386439502540595
really39473668012873136198236276346
exist.43273668012889159198253291327
This468936680128112182220275
means499936680128136196259329384
that5673909012839110172210
not8123909012888157197
only10433909012887157196267
does13433909012888158220275
a16523909012880
particular17673909012887150196234274336405444507553
man237339090128109169240
exist26483909012880149188243281
(someone29653909012863118188298358428499561
specific),35603909012873142205266305352390453500535
but41293909012886157195
«man43603909012893201261332
in47273909012857126
general»48893909012886149218281328389428499
exists5674150012862133172226265320
as9224150012863116
a10734150012863
kind11704150012870109178249
of14534150012870117
prototype16064150012870116186224295333404472535
of21764150012870117
the23284150012839109172
particular25334150012871133180218258319389428490536
man.310541500128110170240275
According92143930128101163225296343412452521591
to15474393012846117
Thomas17064393012886155225335395450
Aquinas,219943930128101171241280350412467502
universals27374393012876146184255317363418481519573
exist33444393012870140179233273
in36524393012846116
three38034393012846116163225288
ways:413343930128101163233286325
«before44944393012881151214260330378439
things»49684393012846116155225295349421
in5674634012839110
the7124634012850119182
mind93946340128110146217288
of12624634012881127
God,143446340128102171242278
«in17474634012881119190
things»19724634012850119159229298353425
as24314634012873128
their25944634012848119182220267
essence28964634012873126181244313376438
and33694634012873142212
form,36164634012858128175284317
and39684634012873143213
«after42174634012883145192231294341
things»45934634012849120158228299353424
in50514634012850120
the52064634012850120182
human5674875012870141250310381
mind98548750128109146217287
as13084875012863116
a14604875012863
result15584875012848110164234273312
of19064875012870117
abstraction.20584875012866136190228275338400438478547617652
Realism27464875012894156218257296351461
had32404875012870133203
its3479487501283978133
origin36474875012871117156227265335
in40184875012839109
Plato's41634875012878117179219289314368
doctrine45664875012871141203241289328397460
of50614875012870117
the52134875012840110172
«world5675116012870171241288327397
of9985116012871118
things»11515116012838108147217287341413
and15985116012862132202
the18355116012839109171
«world20425116012870171241288326396
of24725116012871118
Ideas».26255116012847115178240294365399
Nominalists,9215358012894164266304374444483521576615670705
such16615359012882153215285
as19825359012890144
the21605359012868138201
English239653590128114184254292332386455
philosopher28875359012898168207246315371440510580642689
William364153580128117154194233272342444
of41205358012897136
Ockham429253580128130191254323393495
(c.48245359012875138173
12811349),503253590128971682373075675600012870141210280327362
asserted9645600012884138192255302340403472
that14715600012860130193232
universals17385600012890161200269332379432495534588
do23625600012891161
not25585600012892161200
exist;27935600012884154192246286324
they31535600012860130193263
are34495600012884130193
merely367756000128132192238301340410
names,41215600012892155264324379414
sounds45715600012875146216286356411
of50175600012890143
the51955600012861130192
voice,5675841012870141179242304339
which95358410128101170209271341
we134058410128102163
invent15385841012851121190253322362
for19355841012857128175
convenience21445841012874143213283346415454516586649710
to28895841012850121
denote30445841012882145214284323385
groups34635841012882129198268339393
of38915841012881128
individual40545841012850120190229299338408478540578
things.46685841012850120158229299353388
Only510358410128101171209280
individual5676083012839110179219288327397467530568
things11706083012844114153222293347
are15536083012868113176
real,17646083012851113176215250
for20496083012852121169
example,22526083012867138199309376416479514
concrete28016083012868138207270317379417480
people,33166083012875137207276316378414
whereas376960830128101171234280342403457
«man42626083012880189249319
in46176083012844114
general»47676083012874137207269316378416488
is5289608301284599
just5676325012839109164203
a8066325012862
word90363250128101169216286
with122463250128101140179249
which150863250128102171209272341
we188563250128101163
generalize20836325012870132202264311374412450513575
individual26936325012839109178218287326396466529567
people32956325012870133202272311373
into37036325012839109148218
a39566325012862
genus40536325012870132201272326
(a44146325012847109
universal).45576325012870141179249311358413475514561600
Criticizing9216566012894140179219257320358421459529599
the15556566012855125187
teaching17776566012856118180242312351420491
of23046566012885132
Thomas247165660128102171241351411466
Aquinas,297265660128118188258297366428483518
Ockham,352665660128117179249319381491523
like4084656601285595165228
other43476566012886124195257303
nominalists,46856566012887157266303374436475514569607662698
believed5676807012870133172210273342405474
that10776807012869140202241
harmony135268070128103164211320388459529
between191568070128102165204305367430499
faith24486807012879141180219288
and27726807012894163233
reason30416807012878141202256326396
was347268070128134195249
impossible.37566807012870180248318373427467537576638673
He446468070128133195
argued46946807012893140210280343412
that51416807012870140202240
philosophy5677049012870141179219288342413483552623
and12237049012866136207
theology14657049012843112175244283353424494
have19937049012873136206268
completely22967049012865136245313353415453516555626
different29557049012873113160206268315377446486
methods348070490128109169208278348419473
and39887049012866136206
subjects:42297049012858128198238300362400454493
philosophy47587049012872143181221290344415484554624
relies5677291012847109148187249304
on9057291012870141
experience10817291012861131201264311348411481544606
and17237291012862131201
logic19607291012837108178216279
and22747291012862131202
knows25107291012870141210312366
the29127291012837107169
natural31177291012870131170240287349387
world,354072910128101171218256326362
while393672910128102171210248311
theology42827291012839109171240280350419490
is4805729101283994
based49347291012871133187250319