307
TOPIC1955287010064133194229286
3.226328701005982
PHILOSOPHY2367287010062134168223293344414475547607
OF2997287010069124
THE3144287010064136193
MIDDLE3359287010085120190261315373
AGES3755287010065129187238
3429178014010860120
His9217690128101140195
goal1151769012891161224262
was14487690128123185239
to1723769012859129
teach1887769012860123184247316
critical2238769012884131168208246309371409
thinking:2683769012860130168239308348418487527
truth3245769012859106175215284
must35657690128130198253293
be3893769012890153
sought4081769012876146215286356394
by4511769012891162
confronting4706769012883154224272318387458496535606675
opposing5671011012870141210280335374444514
views111610110128118158219321375
and152610110128111180251
resolving18121011012895157212282321391430500570
contradictions241710110128111180251289336399468507569607646716787841
with329310110128150189227297
logic.36251011012888158228267330365
For402510110128127195243
criticizing430310110128111158196235274336374437475545615
church495410110128111180250297359428
dogma,5671253012870141210320380415
Abelard's101712530128101171233272335382452478532
works158512530128101170217287342
were196312530128101162209270
condemned22681253012863133202272335444512575645
by29481253012871141
the31221253012839110173
Church.33301253012893164233280342412447
Scholasticism9211494012878140211280320382436474514577615669778
reached17321494012862124187249319382451
its2219149401285492147
peak24011494012885148209279
in27161494012853123
the28741494012854124187
13th31121494012870141179249
century33961494012878140209249318373435
,38321494012835
called39021494012877140178217279349
the43021494012839110171
«golden45071494012886156226264335398467
age50091494012885154217
of52611494012885124
scholasticism»5671735012855117188257296366420459498561599653755824
.13921735012835
This146217350128100169208262
was177217350128102163218
the20261735012853122185
period22451735012884147192231301372
when266517350128102171234303
Thomas30191735012878148218320389443
Aquinas34981735012899169239277348417472
(1225-1274)40061735012861130200270340387456527597666713
lived4755173501285191160223292
–50841735012883
the52031735012852122184
greatest5671977012870117180242280343396436
systematizer10381977012856126179219281390450489529592654701
of17741977012871118
scholasticism.19271977012856119189258297360413453491554592647756789
Relying27531977012894156195266303373444
on32321977012873142
Aristotle's341219770128101147185240279348388426489519573
philosophy,40201977012872142181220290345414484555625659
he47141977012871134
created48831977012865110173235273336406
a53231977012864
doctrine5672219012870141203242296335405468
of10702219012872111
the12172219012841110173
harmony14252219012872143197299369438501
of19612219012872112
faith21082219012841112150189259
and24032219012872142212
reason26512219012856119188243313383
.30382219012835
Thomas31112219012886155225335395449
Aquinas359922190128102171242281351414467
asserted41022219012865119174237282321384453
that45912219012841111174212
both48382219012873143182251
faith51252219012850112150189259
and5672460012862133202
reason8052460012864126189242313383
are12232460012880127189
two14472460012856158227
paths17102460012886149188258312
that20572460012857127189227
lead23202460012856119181251
to26062460012855126
one27682460012886157219
truth30222460012856104174212282
–33432460012888
to34672460012855126
God362924600128119187258
–39232460012887
and40462460012880149219
therefore43012460012855126188235297344413460522
faith48582460012865127165204274
and51682460012880149218
reason5672702012847109171226296366
cannot9692702012861123193263333372
contradict13772702012862131200240287348417457520557
each19702702012862125186256
other.22602702012870110179242289324
Reason9212943012894156218273343412
can13692943012872135204
independently16072943012850119190252322384454524585656695734805
arrive24462943012872119166205275337
at28172943012873112
some29642943012865134244304
truths3303294301284996166205275329
(for36682943012857103173220
example,39222943012872142204313381421484519
the44762943012849118181
existence46922943012872142181236274337406469531
of52572943012881127
God).56731850128101171242289324
Faith9213426012878140179219289
accepts124434260128116178241303372411466
supra-rational174434260128108178248295357405450513552590661731793831
truths26113426012891138208247317372
(for301734260128100147216263
example,331634260128114184247357424464527562
the39133426012891162224
Trinity),417134260128140186225294333372442487522
which472834260128155224264327397
are516134260128114161223
indemonstrable5673668012839110179242351419490545583630693762801863
but14653668012874143182
do16823668012874143
not18613668012873143181
contradict20783668012865134205244291353422462523562
reason.26763668012850111173228298368403
Thomas31173668012886155225335395449
proposed36023668012873120191260331385448517
five4160366701283978140203
logical43983667012841111181220282353391
proofs48253667012872127196266305359
for52213668012850119166
the5673909012839110172
existence7733909012876145184238277339410471534
of13423909012882129
God151939090128101169239
through17933909012851121168238308378448
observable22763909012882152206269316385450519559621
phenomena29313909012882153214285354464524594657
of36233909012883130
the37873909012852122184
world.401839090128101171218257327362
These44163909012898166229282345
proofs47963909012882129198269316370
are52013909012874121182
still567415001285594133172210
used8134150012870124187256
by11044150012871141
the12784150012839109173
Catholic14864150012893154193263332372410473
Church.19944150012894162233279342412447
Here247641500128101163210272
are27834150012863108171
the29874150012840110173
proofs:31934150012871118187258305358397
1)9214393012870117
Proof10734393012893140209279326
from14344393012861108177287
Motion:176743930128125195235274344413453
Everything225543930128100170232278349386456496566635
in29264393012853122
the30844393012853122185
world331743930128101171218257327
is36794393012853107
in38224393012853122
motion.399443930128109177216256326396432
But446143930128106176216
whatever472643930128101170232271333403465512
is52734393012853107
moved56746340128109177248310381
is983463401284599
moved112346340128109177248311380
by15384634012875145
another.17174634012868138209247317379426461
There22194634012885154217263326
must258446340128110177232272
be28914634012875137
a30634634012868
First31664634012884121169222262
Mover,346846340128124193264326373408
which391646340128101171210272341
itself4293463401284383137200237285
is4613463401284398
unmoved47464634012876145255323393462531
–53134634012875
this5674875012839110148203
is806487501283792
God.93448750128101169240275
2)9215116012870117
Proof10735116012892138209278325
from14335116012860107176286
Efficient17515116012899145192231294333395465504
Cause:229051160128107169238292355394
Everything27205116012898167229276346384454494563633
has33885116012883145200
a36245116012875
cause.37345116012875137206260323358
But412751160128106177215
a43785116012875
chain44885116012875144207246315
of48395116012882129
causes50035116012875137206261324378
cannot5675359012862125195265335374
regress9765359012847109178225288341396
infinitely.14085359012837108154193263302341402441512545
There19885359012886155218265327
must235153590128109177232272
be26585359012870132
a28255359012862
First29215359012878117164219257
Cause32145359012893156224279341
–35935359012870
God.369853590128102171241276
3)9215600012870117
Proof10735600012894141211281328
from14365600012862109178287
Necessity177256000128102163226288343398437476546
and23525600012877147218
Contingency:260656000128109179248288326397466529598661731769
In34105600012862132
the35785600012854124186
world,381556000128101171218256326362
there42125600012854124186233295
are45435600012876123185
things47635600012855125164233304358
that51565600012855124187226
may56758410128109170242
or8425841012880128
may101658410128110170241
not12915841012881152191
exist15185841012872141181235274
(they1827584101285998169231302
are21625841012873120182
contingent).23795841012873143214252291361431494563602648684
But31085841012893164203
if3347584101284995
everything34775841012873143206253323360431470539610
is41225841012848103
contingent,42605841012873143213252291360431493563601637
at49325841012872111
some50795841012865134244304
point5676083012870141179249288
nothing8916083012883154192262301371440
existed.13676083012876145185239278341410445
Therefore,18476083012899169231278340387456504566601
there24836083012853123185232293
must282560830128110178233272
be31336083012883145
something33136083012868138248308347418456527596
absolutely39456083012876145200270308379417480518589
necessary,45676083012884147209272326380443490560593
the51966083012852123186
cause5676325012862125195249312
of9146325012870116
itself1065632501283977132195233280
–13796325012871
God.148563250128101171242277
4)9216566012870117
Proof107365660128132179248318365
from147365660128100147216326
Degrees183265660128154216286334396458513
of238165660128122169
Perfection:258665660128130192239286348411449487558627666
We328765660128185246
speak356865660128108179242304373
of397665660128123170
varying418165660128123186232303340411481
degrees469765660128123186255302365426481
of521365660128123170
perfection5676807012870133180226289350389428498568
in11706807012867136
things13426807012866135176246315370
only17486807012896167205276
by20576807012897168
comparison22596807012890160271339402448487541612682
with297568070128129167207277
something32886807012881151261321360430470539609
more393368070128136204252315
perfect.42836807012897160207253316377416452
Therefore,477068070128112182245291353399470516578612
there5677049012839110172218280
exists8827049012863132171225265319
something12367049012855124234294333403443512582
most185470490128109176231271
perfect21607049012871133180226288350388
–25867049012870
that26927049012838108171209
is,2936704901283993128
God.309970490128101171241277