305
TOPIC1955287010064133194229286
3.226328701005982
PHILOSOPHY2367287010062134168223293344414475547607
OF2997287010069124
THE3144287010064136193
MIDDLE3359287010085120190261315373
AGES3755287010065129187238
2529178014010860120
matter5677690128109170209249312358
but960769012889159199
by1194769012888158
an1405769012870141
absolutely1581769012889160214285323393432495533596
free2212769012858112174237
act2484769012889151190
of2709769012889128
will28727690128112151190228
from3139769012866113183292
nothing3464769012889160199269308378448
(3947769012866
creatio4014769012862116179249287326396
ex4446769012881143
nihilo4624769012890128198237276345
).497076901284782
Such5087769012897167228299
creationism5671011012862109171234273312381452490545655
emphasizes12551011012882191259329392447486548611665
the19561011012858127190
complete21811011012881152261329369431469532
dependence27481011012889152221284353423486555618679
of34621011012889137
the36341011012857128190
world385910110128121190237275345
on42391011012890160
God.443410110128122190260295
The476410110128106175238
world503610110128121191238276346
exists5671253012862133172226265320
only9211253012870140179250
because12041253012870132195257328382444
God168312530128102170241
sustains19591253012853124178216279318388442
it.2436125301283978113
Of92114940128101148
particular11041494012871133180219258320390429491538
interest16771494012840110149211258320374413
are21261494012862109171
his23321494012871109164
reflections25321494012847110155194257318357396467536590
on31581494012871140
time.3334149401283978188248283
Augustine365314940128101171241312366405444514576
noted42641494012871141180242311
that,46111494012839109172210245
although48911494012863102141211281351421491
a5671735012862
person6641735012871134181236305375
intuitively10741735012840110149219257297335406468507577
understands16851735012870141212274320375413476545616670
what239117350128101171234272
time2698173501284078188248
is,2982173501284095131
it3148173501283979
is3262173501283994
extremely33921735012863132171217280389449488560
difficult39861735012870109157203242305374414452
to44741735012840109
give46191735012871109180242
it4897173501283978
a50101735012863
clear51091735012863101163226271
definition.5671977012870133180218288327366405474545580
One118319770128136204267
of148519770128106152
his167319770128105144199
most190719770128145213268307
revolutionary22501977012882143214283322392431470540610672719788
assertions30711977012898153208271318357395466535589
was369619770128137199253
the39851977012873144206
idea42251977012874145208269
that45291977012875144207245
time48091977012875113223283
was512719770128137199254
created5672219012862109171234273335405
together10072219012842112182245283353415462
with150722190128102140179249
the17922219012841111174
world.200522190128101169216254325361
Before24032219012894156203272319382
creation,28202219012864111173235274313383453488
there33432219012842112174221283
was366522190128101163217
no39172219012874143
«before»,40962219012873141204251320367430500539
there46702219012842112174221283
was499222190128101163217
no52442219012874143
time.567246001283978188248283
Time8862460012886124234294
exists12152460012863133173228266321
only15712460012870140179249
in18532460012840110
the19992460012839109172
created22052460012863110172233272335404
world264424600128102171219256327
as30062460012863117
a31582460012863
measure325724600128109169231286357403465
of37572460012871117
change.39092460012863133195265335397432
Thus,43772460012886154225279314
the47262460012839110171
paradox49322460012871133180242311381451
is567270201283994
resolved:6972702012854117170241279349412482520
«What12532702012878210279341380
was167727020128101163218
God193827020128102171242
doing22152702012877148186257327
before25772702012878140187257304366
the29782702012847118180
creation31932702012871118179241280319388459
of36872702012879125
the38472702012847118179
world?»406927020128102171219258327389460
–45642702012883
The46832702012894163226
answer:49442702012871140195296358405443
there5672943012839110172218280
was88329430128102163217
no11352943012871141
time,1312294301283978189249284
therefore16312943012839110172218281328398445507
there21732943012839109172217280
was248929430128101163217
no27412943012871141
«before».29172943012870140202249319367428498534
Augustine348729430128101171242311365405443513576
explained40982943012862132202241304342411474544
the46772943012840109172
nature48842943012870133171242288350
of52692943012870117
time567318501283978188248
from8503185012873120190300
a11833185012889
psychological13073185012896151222282352423463532603641704766804
point21473185012896166204275313
of24963185012896143
view:26743185012895135197298336
time3075318501283978179241
exists33513185012888151190244283337
only37243185012896166204267
within402631850128120159197268306377
a44383185012895
person45693185012896158212266337407
as50143185012889142
the51923185012865134196
«distension»5673426012870140179233273336405459498568638709
(distentio)13113426012881150189243283346415453492562609
of195534260128104151
the21413426012874143206
human238234260128105174284344414
soul.28323426012889159230269304
Only317134260128136205245315
the35203426012873144206
present376234260128104151213267330399439
is42363426012874128
real;43993426012881144206244283
the47183426012873143206
past495934260128103166221259
is52543426012872127
memory,56736680128109170281348396467500
and11023668012862132203
the13413668012839109171
future15473668012846117155225271333
is1916366801283994
expectation.20463668012862131200263326363426464504573644679
a987565608950
b2334567408955
c4304563408944
Fig.15475877010873105165195
10.17725877010860120150
Chartres19535877010880147207254287334388434
Cathedral,24175877010880140174240294354400460494524
12th–13th29715877010860120153220282342402435502
centuries,35035877010854107173207272319353406453483
France.40145877010880127187254308361390
This5676098011073133167213
sculpture8106098011047101160193253287347387440
(а)1280609801104093132
on14426098011060120
the1592609801103393148
side1769609801104881141195
of19946098011060100
Chartres21236098011080140194233267306359405
Cathedral25586098011081134167227282341381434468
shows30566098011047107167253300
an33866098011053113
angel35296098011054113174226259
carrying38186098011053107147187248279339401
a42496098011053
sundial,43316098011047107167227260314347377
a47386098011053
device48216098011060113173206259313
used51646098011060107160220
to567625601103393
tell690625601104397130163
time883625601104477171224
during11376256011069129169202262322
the14886256011043103156
Middle168362560110107141201261295348
Ages.20716256011086146198244274
Medieval238062560110107160220254308368421454
people28646256011069123183243277330
believed32246256011069122155189242302355415
time3669625601104276170223
belonged39226256011069122155215275335388447
to43996256011043103
God,45426256011086146206236
so48086256011056116
charging49546256011063123177216277309369431
for5676415011040100140
its736641501104275122
«use»8886415011071127174227289
(e.g.,12046415011049102132193221251
a14856415011062
late1577641501104194128182
fee)17906415011048101154193
was20216415011087140186
considered22376415011063122182229262323376415469528
a27956415011061
sin,2886641501105588150180
akin30966415011061121154214
to33406415011042102
usury.34726415011069115175215276302
A38136415011086
giant39296415011070102155215248
astrological42096415011061107141181241274334394426480534567
clock4806641501106194154208268
(b)51046415011048108148
in52816415011041101
the567657401103393147
cathedral's7446574011066119151211265325365417450473519
nave.12936574011073126186239268
It1591657401105586
displayed17076574011074108155215248302363414473
the22106574011046106160
time,2400657401104679173226256
lunar26866574011047107167220260
phases,29756574011073133187233286332362
and33676574011067126186
the35836574011047107160
Sun's37736574011080140200222267
position40706574011073133180213247280341401
among45016574011066159222282342
the48726574011047107160
zodiac50626574011066127187220273327
signs,567673301104780140199246276
visualizing873673301106296142202256289322376410470530
the1432673301103595149
entire16126733011055115148183223276
medieval19206733011093146206240293352407440
geocentric23906733011063115175228282342375415448502
worldview29256733011086146186219279339372426512
as34676733011056102
a36006733011056
single3685673301104982142204236289
Divine40076733011087120181215275328
mechanism.43676733011094147200259313372406452546576
Chartres49756733011080141194234268308361408
Cathedral5676891011080134166226280340380432465
(12th-13th10626891011040100160194254294353413447507
centuries)15996891011053107167201261301334388434474
today2103689101103393153207268
(c).2399689101104093133163
Augustine92172260128101171242311366405444514577
proposed15337226012891138208278348403465535
the21037226012861131194
classical23327226012885123186239294333395458496
Christian286372260128116186233271325365403466535
solution34347226012877146186255295333403474
to39437226012861131
the41367226012839109171
problem43437226012891146216285325387489
of48667226012893131
evil50337226012885147185224
–52957226012892
theodicy5677467012839110172241311351412475
.10427467012835
The11127467012885155218
question13647467012870140203257295335405475
of18747467012870117
why202674670128101170241
evil23007467012862132171211
exists25477467012862131170224263318
in29017467012837107
the30437467012839108171
world324974670128102171218256326
if3610746701283986
God373174670128101171241
is4007746701283993
good41347467012870141210280
and44507467012862132201
omnipotent46857467012871180248288358429467530599639