310
TOPIC1955287010064133194229286
3.226328701005982
PHILOSOPHY2367287010062134168223293344414475547607
OF2997287010069124
THE3144287010064136193
MIDDLE3359287010085120190261315373
AGES3755287010065129187238
2029178014010860120
highest567769012870110179249312366405
form1007769012868137184294
of1333769012892139
knowing1507769012892161232333371442511
Truth,20547690128107153223262331367
capable2456769012883146215277346386449
of2939769012890137
independently,3111769012859130199262331394463534595666704743814847
through3993769012860131178247318388457
rational4486769012868130168207277347409448
means,49697690128130190253329384419
reaching5671011012847109171234304343412483
the10851011012838108170
same12901011012855117227287
heights16121011012870133172241312351405
as20521011012862117
religion.22041011012847109147187256295366435471
This9211253012886155195249
intellectual12051253012844114153216254293355417456526589626
work187112530128102171219288
followed21941253012851121160199269371433503
strictly2732125301285898145183246283323394
defined31591253012874137184223294355426
rules,36201253012851121160223276312
though39671253012843113183253322393
its4396125301284381136
forms45671253012851121169278330
differed49331253012874114161208270317378448
across5671494012862125171242296351
traditions.953149401283885147216256294333403473527563
In9211735012847117
the10741735012854124187
Latin12951735012895165203242312
West165917350128117178232271
,19311735012835
the20011735012855125187
methodology223917350128109169208279350420490528599669739
of30121735012886133
knowledge31801735012887157226328367429498568631
became38461735012885148210273382442
the43231735012856126189
classical45461735012877116179233288326389451489
triad:50711735012854101140202272311
exegesis5671976012862125187257320374412467
,10351977012835
commentary11041976012862131233334396466504575629691
,17961977012835
anddisputation1866197701286213220321031976012870110164233304342412452490561631
.27341977012835
Exegesis9212219012886148210280343396436490
was144622190128148210264
the17452219012885155218
art199822190128109154193
of222722190128115162
interpreting24242219012886156194257304373420482520560629700
Sacred315822190128125186248295357427
texts36212219012885147216255310
to39662219012885154
extract415622190128109178217264325387426
their46172219012884155218256303
hidden495522190128115155225294357426
meanings.56724600128109170233303342412483537572
It11742460012867106
was131524600128122183238
believed15892460012889151190229292362424494
that21192460012857128191229
since23832460012875113183246308
God272624600128122191261
had30212460012890153223
revealed32802460012867129198261323361424493
Himself380924600128121159269321384423470
to43142460012859129
humanity,44782460012891160270330400440479550583
truth50962460012859106176216285
was56727020128101163218
already8202702012869107155217279348419
given12722702012877117186249318
in16262702012844115
a17762702012868
complete18792702012869139249317356419457520
form.24342702012853122170279311
The27872702012886155218
task30402702012846109162233
was331427020128102163218
to35672702012849119
«read37212702012877123186247317
Scripture40732702012884147192231302340410457520
correctly»,46292702012868138185231293356394433504573607
to52712702012846117
understand,5672943012870141210273320373412475545615650
explain,12522943012862132202241303341412447
and17352943012860130200
interpret19702943012839109148211257327374435474
that24802943012837108171209
truth.2724294301283985155194263299
Commentary9213185012894164266366428498537608662724
was167931850128139200255
the19703185012874144206
meticulous221131850128146206245284347417456526596650
analysis28973185012899168230269340393432486
and34193185012899168239
elucidation36923185012899137208271309378441480519588659
of438531850128107154
the45733185012876146209
works481731850128138208254324378
of523131850128105152
authorities,5673426012862133172242311359396436474537592627
be122834260128129190
they14533426012897167229299
Greek178734260128160206268331401
philosophers222234260128129199237277346400471541610673720773
or303134260128127174
authoritative324034260128121190229299369416454493555594633703765
medieval404034260128167228298338400469532571
theologians.46463426012897167230299337408477517579649703738
Deviating56736680128101163233273336374412483552
from11553668012858105174284
the14713668012851121184
commentary16903668012873142252360421491531593640710
of24343668012881129
an25983668012874143
authoritative27763668012874143182251322369407446508547586655718
theologian35293668012850120182252291360431470532601
or41663668012880128
the43293668012849120182
foundations45463668012858127198267342405444483552623677
of52583668012881128
religious5673909012847109148187257296366436490
doctrine10933909012870139202240287326396458
was158639090128102163217
declared18383909012871133194233296343404474
heresy23463909012871133180242296367
and27463909012862133203
persecuted29833909012870133180235296359428467530599
by36183909012870140
the37923909012839109172
Church.39993909012894162232279341410446
Disputation92141500128101140195265335374444483521592661
was161841500128135197251
the19054150012872142204
heart214341500128104166229276315
of249341500128102150
university267841500128103173212282345391445484523593
culture,33054150012895165205243314361422458
a37984150012895
public392841500128103174244283322384
intellectual43484150012872141180243282320383445483553616655
battle503841500128102165204243281344
where56743930128101171234281343
truth945439301283985155194264
was124543930128101163216
born14974393012870139186256
from1788439301284592162272
the20934393012839109172
clash23004393012862101164218287
of26234393012870117
strict2775439301285393140178240279
logical30894393012839109178218280342381
arguments.35054393012862109178248357417487527582618
In9214634012847117
Byzantium107446340128112174229299368408446516618
,16914634012835
the17614634012866137198
situation19954634012881120158229292330368439508
was253946340128128190244
somewhat28184634012882153263323424494556595
different.34494634012896136183229291337400469508544
Although402846340128128167205275345415485554
exegesis46184634012889158221291353408446501
and51544634012889159229
commentary5674875012862133242350410480520583630700
(especially13004875012875138192263326388427490528567638
on19714875012899169
the21764875012867137200
works241148750128130199246315371
of28174875012897145
the29954875012868139201
Church323148750128122191262309370441
Fathers370748750128107169207276339386440
and41824875012891161232
Plato)444948750128107144207246316363
were484748750128130192238301
the51834875012867137199
foundation5675116012847117188257327390428467537607
of12105116012880128
scholarship,13735116012865128197267306368415469539578647683
disputation20915116012881120175245315354416454494563633
as27605116012873128
a29245116012872
regular30305116012859121191261300363409
and34745116012874144214
central37235116012874137206244291354391
philosophical41505116012881151190229299353423493563602664726765
method496351160128109169208278348419
did5675359012870110179
not7825359012882151191
take10075359012852114184247
root.12885359012859128199238273
Its1596535901285997151
place17825359012883121184246309
was213853590128101163217
taken23905359012852114184246316
by27405359012883154
polemical29415358012870141179242343382444514552
treatiseswritten35295358012851105168238277315370433486406453590128101146185225263326395
against44955359012875144207244314369408
specific49385359012866136199261299346385448
opponents,5675600012870141210280351412483521576612
and12145600012877146217
by14665600012884155
systematic16545600012870141193233296406466505544607
works231156000128102171219288343
aimed26895600012878116225286357
not30815600012886155194
at33105600012878117
discovering34625600012886124178241310381443489528598668
truth41655600012854101171210281
through44815600012853124170240310379450
debate,49665600012885147217279318381415
but5675841012870141179
at7825841012883121
expounding9395841012883152222293362432503541611681
already16565841012882121167230292362433
established21225841012884138177240310348387442511574643
doctrine.28015841012890161222261309346417480515
Furthermore,33515841012898168215253323385432541609656719754
Theological414058410128107176239309348417488526589651689
Councils486558410128115184254324387425463517
were56760830128101163210272
key,8746083012876138208242
where115660830128101171234280343
dogmatic15346083012875145215324385424463526
truths2095608301284391160199269324
were245960830128101163210272
not27656083012876146184
contested29846083012868138207246309363402465534
in35536083012844114
free3702608301285299161226
debate39636083012874137206268307370
but43686083012874144183
were459260830128101163210272
affirmed48996083012867114160198246355415485
by5676325012870141
imperial7416325012839150217280327366429468
and12446325012863132201
ecclesiastical14816325012862124187225287341380443496535574637698737
authority22546325012862131170240310357395434505
based27926325012870133187250320
on31476325012870140
patristic33216325012870133172219257311351389452
tradition.3808632501283985147217256294334404474510
In9216566012847117
the10746566012850121183
Arab-Islamic12926566012898152222292339386440479549650689752
world20896566012894164219258327
,24176566012835
a24876566012875
largely25976566012851114160229292330401
similar30316566012867107216253293355402
intellectual34686566012851120160223261299362424462533595633
culture41376566012874144182222292339400
developed.45726566012883146215278315385456518588623
Its5230656601285997151
core5676807012862133180242
was85668070128101163218
also11096807012874112166237
exegesis13816807012874143206275338392431486
(tafsir)1902680701285997159206260299346393
–23306807012883
the24496807012851121183
interpretation26676807012851121160222269338385447485548587625695766
of34686807012881128
the36446807012839109171
Quran386268070128102171225296366
.42296807012835
However,431068070128102171273335405468514549
different48946807012882122169215277324386455494
methods56770490128109170209280351420474
were107770490128118179226288
used14007049012886140203272
depending17087049012885147217280349420458528598
on23417049012886156
the25337049012854123186
school:27547049012870133202272342381420
falsafawas32287048012839109147202272310381364370490128118180234
based39127049012887148203266335
on42827049012886156
Aristotle's44907048012886140178233272341381419482512566
logic50917048012854125195233296
and5677291012870141210
rational8137291012855124162202271341412450
proofs12997291012870124193264302357
;16567291012839
kalamused1731729101286213117124134221087291012870124187256
dialectical23997291012870109179218281343381419482552591
methods302472910128102163202273342413467
and35287291012862131202
logic37647291012839110179218281
to40807291012839109
defend42237291012870133172234304374
the46327291012839108171
dogmas48377291012870141210312382436