227
TOPIC1955287010064133194229286
3.226328701005982
PHILOSOPHY2367287010062134168223293344414475547607
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THE3144287010064136193
MIDDLE3359287010085120190261315373
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1029178014010860120
In921769012847117
the1074769012849120181
3rd1291769012881128198
and1524769012873143213
4th1773769012880119189
centuries,1998769012872135204243313360398461515551
the2583769012850120183
Roman2812769012894163273333403
state3253769012867105167206269
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the4464769012851121182
power4681769012882152254315362
of5078769012881128
its524176901285089143
rulers5671011012847117157218265320
had9221011012874137206
weakened,116710110128102164226296359428491560596
colonies17961011012867137177246316355418472
were230710110128102164210273
in26151011012843113
revolt,27631011012852114183253292330366
social31641011012859128191230292331
contradictions35311011012866135205244292354423461524562602671742796
were436710110128101163210272
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and5671253012862133202
these8051253012842112174228291
problems11311253012873119190259299360470522
were169212530128101164210273
exacerbated20001253012866136198260322369438501539602671
by27061253012874144
increasing28841253012842112174221283346400439509579
raids34991253012850111150220275
from3809125301284996166276
barbarian41171253012874136183253316363401464533
tribes,4685125301284389128197260314349
while507212530128102171211249311
culture5671494012862133172211280327390
was100114940128101163217
undergoing12531494012880149220282328397468507576647
a19351494012872
crisis.20421494012870117156210249304339
At242514940128101140
the26001494012847118180
end28151494012872142211
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the32271494012847116179
4th34411494012880118188
century36641494012872134203243312360430
(39541271494012856126197267
AD),443814940128102202249284
the47571494012848117180
Roman49811494012894163273333403
Empire5671735012886195263303350412
split10141735012870140179218256
into13061735012854124163233
two15741735012853155225
parts18341735012885147194233287
–21571735012886
the22941735012839109171
Eastern250117350128100170224263325380450
(Byzantium)29851735012862148210264335405443483552654700
and37211735012878147217
the39891735012839109171
Western421017350128117177232271334389458
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aiming48251735012877116225262333403
to52641735012853122
better5671977012870133172210273320
defend9221977012875138184247316385
against13431977012868138200239309364402
Persian17811977012882144191246284347416
and22331977012868138207
Germanic248119770128102164210320380450489552
incursions.30681977012845115178247295348387457527582617
However,372619770128101171272334403466512547
this43081977012844115153208
measure455719770128110170232287357405467
failed50591977012852115153191254323
to5672219012839110
preserve7112219012881128189244307352423485
the12302219012850119182
Roman14572219012893163273333403
state.18962219012864103166204267302
Roman22422219012893164273333403
emperors26812219012873182250313359429477530
continued32472219012873142212251289360429496565
to38472219012848119
lose40012219012849119173234
their42712219012849119181219266
authority.45732219012872141180250320367405445515548
The51572219012895165228
migration56724600128109146216264326365405474545
of11472460012898145
Germanic132724600128130191238347407479518581
tribes19432460012866114151222285338
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the30092460012867137199
fall32442460012875137175214
of34942460012897144
the36732460012868138200
Western393724600128132193248287349396466
Roman443924600128122190300360430
Empire,490524600128114224292331378441476
which56727020128101171210273342
occurred9452702012886149212281328375437506
in14872702012855126
47616482702012887156227
AD.191127020128119219254
On221027020128101170
the24152702012857127189
ruins26392702012865134172243297
of29712702012887135
the31412702012855126188
Western338127020128133193248287350397466
Roman388327020128111180288349420
Empire,433827020128104213281320368430465
barbarian48382702012888150196267328375414476546
kingdoms5672943012870110179249320389499551
emerged,11542943012889199259306376439509545
from17342943012873119190299
which206629430128129198238300371
many247229430128137197267337
modern284329430128137208278340387457
European333629430128112181228297368430492562
states39342943012880120181220282337
eventually43062943012890159222291330400463501540611
formed49552943012875145192301361433
(Fig.5673185012847125164233269
1.).8703185012871106153188
The9213426012886155218
collapse11743426012899170208247309380434496
of170534260128106153
the18943426012874145208
imperial21363426012875185253316362401464503
state,26753426012890129192230293328
the30383426012875145207
desolation328034260128107170224294332395433473542613
of392834260128106153
cities,41163426012899137177215278332367
and45173426012899169240
the47923426012875144207
Great503434260128138185247309347
Migration56736680128125164233281343382420490561
of11633668012870117
Peoples13163668012878141210280319382435
created17873668012862109171233272334404
a22273668012863
profound23253668012870117186233304373443514
sense28743668012855117186241304
of32133668012870117
an33653668012864133
impending35333668012840150218280351420460529600
end41683668012863133202
of44063668012871118
the45593668012839109172
world.476736680128102170217256326361
The51643668012886155218
unified5673909012870141179226264327396
space9993909012881151214276337
of13713909012897144
«Pax15503909012899176239307
Romana»189339090128121190299359430492564
(from24913909012874121168238348
Latin287139090128113176215255324
–32313909012897
«Roman33643909012897190259369429499
Peace»)389939090128105167230292353424470
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replaced46853909012874136205244307369431500
by52213909012896167
chaos5674150012862133196265320
and9224150012863131201
fragmentation.1158415001284794156225335395465505567606645715785821
It921724301284785
was104872430128102162216
precisely12987243012878125186247285339399437507
on18377243012878148
these20197243012848117178231293
ruins23467243012855124162231285
that26657243012847116177215
a29157243012870
new,30197243012877139239272
utterly33257243012878117155217262299369
unique37267243012878148186256325386
type41467243012847117184246
of44267243012878124
thought45847243012847117186255324393431
began50507243012878140208269337
to5677484012839109
slowly710748401285392160261298368
gestate11087484012870132186224286324386
–15267484012870
medieval162974840128101162231269331392460499
philosophy21617484012870138177215284338406476544606
.27657484012835
It2834748401284583
had29507484012870132201
already3185748401286199145206268335405
started3621748401285593163217255317385
to40407484012838108
take41817484012837107169230
shape44457484012853123191261322
in48017484012838106
the49427484012837107167
2nd51427484012870140208
Fig.14996863010873105165195
2.1724686301086090
The18456863010873140193
Fall20686863010880140174207
of23056863010860100
the24356863010834100154
Roman26196863010880140233295360
Empire.30106863010880172233267314367397
Thomas34676863010873140200292354399
Cole.38956863010880140174227257
1841.41826863010860120180240270