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2.218428701005982
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Plato1294596012878117179218287
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a2075596012864
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a2747596012866
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Diogenes40115960128101139209279342411473527
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said4704596012858121159229
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chicken1591839012872141180242312375444
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declaring,3160839012879142204243306353391461531566
«Behold!3761839012879173235304374412483530
Plato's4325839012887125188227296322375
man».47458390128109169239310345
This5125839012894164203257
act5671080012862125164
brilliantly76610800128116162201239279317380449489527598
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purely312710800128115185232294332403
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philosophy.423810800128115186225264334388458528598668701
crucial497610800128106151218279316376413
method56713210128109168205273341410
of10101321012887132
teaching.11741321012856116176236304341409478511
By171813210128108177
breaking19261321012887132192252319357425493
taboos24531321012855116183252319372
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they42261321012855124184253
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to48941321012855124
shock50511321012871139208268336
people5671563012870131199267304365
into9641563012858127164231
realizing12281563012867127187223261321358426493
that17551563012857126186223
the20111563012859126187
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ideal14571805012846114175235272
was177018050128101161213
complete20161805012869137246311348409445506
self-sufficiency25561805012861122158203249302370415459496557593654721782850
(34381805012854
autarkeia34891805012870139176244297357417454522
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independence43281805012846114183243311371438506567635695755
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all567204601286299136
external7362046012883151188248293360421458
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They321220460128107174234303
were354620460128122181225287
the38652046012859128188
first40862046012867102147199236
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call45152046012882142179216
themselves47632046012859128188295345405442510571623
«5672287012870
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world14092287012894161213250319
»17262287012870
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cosmopolitans18712287012862130183282350418486524560597665732785
),2655228701284779
rejecting27672287012845105142201262299336404473
polis-based32702287012871139176212265310378439491551619
identity.39212287012838106167233271307344412444
From43962287012878123190299
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position49532287012870139190227265302369436
of5672529012870115
radical7152529012851111179216276336373
freedom,1121252901285196156216283352461492
Diogenes165125290128101137206274335403463515
could22002529012867135203239308
famously25412529012851111219284353406443511
tell30842529012844105141179
Alexander330025290128102138198266327394463523568
the39002529012844112173
Great,411025290128101146206266302336
who448425290128101168237
had47542529012875135203
offered49902529012875120164224268328396
him5672771012870107216
anything8112771012862130200234303340408477
he13182771012870131
desired,14792771012870131183220265325393426
«Stand19352771012870146183243311380
aside;23452771012863115152220281317
you26942771012870136205
are29322771012861105165
blocking31272771012870108176236304342410478
my363627710128109176
sun»38442771012852120188257
(Fig.41342771012845121158226259
2244232771012870139
b).45842771012870115148
The9213012012878147209
Cynic116430120128129190259298359
school15573012012890152220290358397
had198830120128106167236
an22583012012898167
enormous24603012012897167236282390457527581
influence30753012012875144191227296357427488550
on365830120128106175
European386730120128121190236305375436498566
philosophy446730120128106175214251321374443512581651
and51503012012898167237
culture.5673254012862131170208277323384418
Cynicism101932540128134203270308370408462571
was162232540128142204257
the19143254012879149211
direct215932540128110147193255316354
precursor254732540128111157218279347393446515562
to31423254012880148
Stoicism,332532540128118156226264324362416525557
which391532540128143211250312381
softened43303254012895165211248309380441509
its48743254012879117170
most507932540128151217271310
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paradoxes104534950128113175220282351420490552604
and168434950128105173242
adopted196134950128105174242312349411480
a247634950128105
more261534950128152218265326
constructive297534950128105174244298335381450512549587655717
attitude372634950128105143182219257326395456
toward42163495012882151252313358427
society46783495012897166228265327364433
and514434950128105174243
culture.5673737012862131170208277323384418
Its10193737012874111165
model121937370128136203273334372
of16263737012897143
asceticism18023737012889143205266304342404441495603
also24373737012889127181251
later27223737012867128166228274
influenced30283737012866136182220289350419481542610
the36733737012866134196
development39033737012897159228290327396466575633702741
of46783737012898144
Christian485637370128121189236274326365402464532
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such109239780128113183244312
as143939780128122175
holy164739780128130198237307
foolishness198639780128106175245283322374444512574628681
(yurodstvo)270139780128106175243289358428482519588657703
and343839780128122190259
wandering373239780128161221290359421466503572642
(strannichestvo).440739780128107160199245306374443481542612673726764832902948982
Typologically,5674220012886155223292331400470507569630668705775807
the14084220012842112173
Cynics16194220012893163232270332385
stand2039422001285795157225294
in23684220012842110
a25134220012866
long26134220012842111180249
line2897422001284279148210
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spiritual37314220012857126165211248286354416454
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that48944220012842112174212
seek51404220012857119180249
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for13994461012850119165
social15984461012857126188225287325
unfreedom19574461012873142188234295356425494602
in25914461012842112
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through31644461012843112159228297367435
antisocial36724461012866134172211263333395431493530
freedom4236446101285096157218287356464
(from4732446101285096141210320
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and5674702012862131201
dervishes8014702012870132178245284337406468520
to13564702012837107
modern149647020128109176245307353422
hippies).19514702012870109177247284346399445479
Hellenistic-Roman921494401281011622002383003694084604995365986437287968979651035
philosophy19904944012873142179218288340410478548610
turned26344945012841111157225287356
to30244945012843111
the31694945012843111173
problems33754945012873119188258295357465516
of39254945012873119
the40794945012842112174
concrete42874945012865134204266310371409471
individual,47924945012842112180219287326394464525562597
their5675186012839109170208255
inner8565186012839109177239285
world,117751860128101169216253322356
fears,15675186012849110171217270305
and19055186012865134203
search21435186012856117178224285354
for25325186012848116162
meaning273051860128110168229300338408476
in32415186012841109
an33855186012864133
age35525186012865133194
of37805186012873119
crisis.39335186012864110146200238290325
It4291518601284987
transformed4413518601284187148217270316385431539598667
from5115518601284894163273
a5675427012862
theoretical6635427012840110171241287348385423485546584
pursuit12815427012871140186238308347384
into16995427012840108147217
apractical1950542701286320485427012870123193254291330391459498
guide25805427012871139178248308
to29225427012840108
living3065542701283978140178246316
,33805427012835
a34495427012863
set35465427012855117155
of37355427012871117
spiritual38865427012856124162209245284352414452
exercises43725427012863132194240301338392454506
aimed49125427012863101210269338
at52845427012863101
achieving5675668012862124193231293361399469537
imperturbability11395668012880189256317363401470517586648715754792829868938
(21095668012888
ataraxia21955668012870109178232301363400469
)26635668012847
and274456680128104173242
inner30205668012881150220282327
freedom.33815668012889134195257326394503534
The395056680128128195255
ideas42395668012880148209269321
of459356680128111156
the47815668012880148208
Stoics50645668012870107176213273326
(natural5675911012847115175212280325385422
law,102259110128103164263295
cosmopolitanism)1349591101281271952483564224915605976346717327988368889961038
profoundly242059110128134179247292360428496565602670
influenced312259110128104172217254322383450511571639
Roman379459110128158226334392461
jurisprudence428859110128104171216252305373418486555615683743803
and512459110128127195263
Christian5676152012894161206243296333370431499
ethics.109961520128112149217253314366399
Epicureanismand15816152012886153190251319371432500568605657756236961520128113180249
Skepticismlaid2702615201287013119125829633239242948258133156152012889150186255
the36036152012889157218
groundwork385461520128120165233301369437536603648716
for46036152012897165210
the48466152012889157217
later50966152012889150186247291
scientific5676393012855115152212280317355399436497
critique109663930128107151188225262329397458
of158763930128114159
religion17776393012891151188225293330399467
and227763930128107173242
dogmatism.255263930128114182250357415453490543650682
Thus,326663930128130197265318351
Hellenistic-Roman3697639301281011611972352953634004534915265876317157828829491017
philosophy474863930128114182219257325378445513582642
offered5676635012870115159219264324392
an9926635012861128
arsenal11546635012861105157218285346383
of15686635012871115
strategies1715663401285592145213250311379415475527
for22766634012837105158
the24686634012837104165
survival26656634012853122175235272332399436
of31336634012870107
the32746634012837105166
individual34736634012837104173210270307374442511548
in40566635012836105
an41916635012863131
unstable43536635012870139192229289357393454
world,483866350128101169214250319352
the52226635012838106167
relevance5676877012847107143204272332400461520
of11186877012870115
which126368770128101168206266334
remains16306877012844104212271308376429
undiminished20896877012871139207245353387456493546614675743
to28656877012836103
this30026877012836104141194
day.32276877012870131198231
Ancient92171180128101169229266326394431
philosophy,13867118012870139175212281333401469537606637
having20567118012870130198235304372
traversed2461711801283984144212272317369430497
a29927118012863
path30877118012871131167236
from3355711801284792160268
the36547118012839108168
natural-philosophical38567118012870130167235280340377425492560597634701754822891958995105611161152
search50427118012855115175220280347
for5677359012847115159
the7597359012842111172
first963735901285087132184221
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to17367359012842110
the18807359012842110171
existential20837359012866134171224261322388425463523560
quests26767359012874141201254291342
of30527359012873118
the32037359012842110171
individual34067359012843111179217284321389457517554
within399673590128102138175243281349
a43787359012866
vast44767359012874134187224
empire,47337359012866173238275320380414
laid51797359012843103140208
the5677600012839107168
foundation7717600012839107176243311380416453521589
for13937600012842111163
the15907600012841109170
entire17927600012865132170207260320
European21487600012886153206274343403470538
intellectual27197600012843110147208244281341401437506574611
tradition3363760001284396163231268304342410478
.38417600012835
It3909760001285086
bequeathed40287600012874134201268329389425494554622
to46837600012843111
the48277600012841110170
world:503376000128102169214252320357