396
TOPIC1876287010064133194229286
2.218428701005982
PHILOSOPHY2289287010061133168223292343413475546607
OF2919287010069124
THE3066287010064136193
ANCIENT3281287010065134190226283351415
WORLD3717287010096165232287359
8329178014010860120
the567596012839109170
One7715960128128195257
in1062596012865133
the1230596012863133195
realm1458596012872133195233340
of1829596012897143
beings.2006596012896158196265335388422
3.The2462596012895129214282344
world2865596012894163217255323
of3223596012895133
things3390596012865133172240310364
–3787596012896
a3917596012888
shadowy,4039596012880149211280349449518550
mutable,46225960128137203242304373411473507
and5162596012889158226
imperfect567839012839149215277323368429491529
copy1130839012873142210280
of1442839012881127
the1603839012849119181
world18278390128101170216254323
of2184839012880126
Ideas.2344839012857125187248302336
Humans27248390128102170279339408462
perceive3220839012880141187248309347416477
it373183901284987
as3853839012872125
reality4012839012857118180218255293363
because4407839012881142205266335389451
they4891839012849119180249
live517383901284987156216
surrounded5671080012855124170216285354423492553622
by12231080012875145
material140710800128109168206268313351413451
things.18921080012845113152220290343377
But23081080012894163201
this25431080012844113151205
is2782108001284497
a29141080012867
world302010800128101170216254323
of33771080012875122
eternal35331080012867104166212281342379
coming-to-be39471080012868135244281350420467503573619687749
and47301080012868135205
passing49701080012874136189242281349419
away,5671321012862163223293325
where92813210128127195257302364
nothing13261321012896165204274311380449
ever18081321012888157219265
remains21071321012872134243302340409463
identical26051321012865135196265303341402463501
to31401321012865135
itself.33091321012865103157218256303337
It36791321012873111
is38241321012865118
inconstant39771321012865134196264333388425487556593
and46041321012889158227
therefore48661321012864133195241302348415462523
inaccessible5671563012839109170232293354406460499567606667
to12681563012838106
exact14091563012861130191253289
knowledge,17311563012871140210311348408477546608642
being24051563012870132169239307
merely274515630128110168214276314384
an31591563012863132
object33241563012870140178239300338
ofopinion3695156301287011638431562012870140178248285354423
(43011563012845
doxa43451562012870139200269
).4614156301284781
The9211805012886154216
Ideais1203180501284711617824714821805012871124
the16411805012871139201
most187618050128141208262300
important22111805012871179246315362400461530568
concept28131805012895162232294355423461
in33091805012870139
Plato's348318050128110146208246314339392
ontology,391018050128101171208277315384453522554
possessing449818050128103173227280342395448486555624
two51891805012839132200
aspects5672046012870124194256316354408
.9732046012835
On105720460128101170
the12612046012854124186
one14812046012885153215
hand,17302046012886147216285319
Ideas20832046012862131193254307
are24252046012877123184
perfect26432046012886147193239300360398
paradigms30922046012870140194262332369439540592
and37192046012878147215
models398420460128109176246308346400
of44192046012885131
all45842046012878116153
things47702046012854124161231299353
(the51582046012862100168230
Idea5672287012847116178239
of8402287012873119
a9932287012866
Table,10962287012886146216254316350
the14792287012843112174
Idea16872287012850118180241
of19622287012873119
the21152287012843112174
Beautiful,23262287012894155216284322361407475513548
the29072287012843111173
Idea31142287012850119181242
of33902287012873120
Justice).35432287012858128181219256318379425459
This40392287012886154192246
is4320228701284295
the44532287012839109170
metaphysical466122870128101162199268337406468521558620689726
aspect5672529012870124194256316354
of9542529012876122
the11102529012845113175
Idea.13192529012852121183244278
On163725290128101169
the18412529012844114176
other20512529012876113183244290
hand,23752529012876137205275309
an27182529012868137
Idea28902529012852120182243
is3167252901284498
the33002529012845113175
essence35152529012862116170232299361422
of39722529012876122
a41282529012867
thing,42292529012844114153221291325
expressed45882529012868137206253314366420482550
in51722529012845114
a53212529012867
concept5672771012862131201263324392430
(the1032277101284986155217
logical12842771012839107177214276345382
aspect17012771012872125194256317355
).2056277101284781
Following21722771012878147184223291392429499567
Parmenides'27762771012878139185291351420459529590644669
thesis34782771012841110172225262316
that38292771012841109171209
«thinking40722771012873110179217287355394462532
and46382771012865132202
being48752771012870132170238308
are52182771012864110171
the5673012012839109170
same»,7713012012870132240299368401
Plato12063012012893131193230300
argues15413012012877123192261323377
that19523012012854123185223
true2209301201285399168230
knowledge24733012012884154222323360422490559621
is31283012012854107
possible32703012012885153207260299367406467
only37713012012886154193262
of40653012012886132
that42313012012854124185222
which450330120128101170208270338
is48753012012854107
stable,50173012012871109171239277338372
unchanging,5673254012870140202269331400469507577645680
and12803254012872141210
self-identical,15253254012863124162208254291361422491529567629690727761
i.e.,2320325401284882143177211
the25643254012849118180
Ideas.27783254012856125187247300335
The31553254012886154216
world341432540128102170216254324
of37723254012880126
Ideas39323254012856125187248300
is42673254012848102
the44033254012848117179
sole46163254012863133170232
object48823254012879148186247308346
of52623254012880126
true567349501283985154216
knowledge8153495012862131200293331392460530592
(14403495012845
episteme14853495012862131169223260320421481
)19653495012847
and20463495012861130199
philosophy.22783495012870140179216285338408476546615648
However,92137370128101171273335405468514550
to15063737012851121
explain16623737012877146215255318356425
the21233737012851122185
mechanism235637370128109169231301364435473528638
by30263737012885155
which322837370128102172212275344
the36073737012852122184
sensory38263737012868131200255324372442
world431537370128101171218257328
arises,46773737012877123162216279333368
Plato50803737012892130193232301
introduces5673978012839110148195264335405467530583
another118639780128112181252290360423469
principle169039780128120167206275338376446485548
–227339780128121
Matter248039780128117187225265326381
(28963978012896
chora29923978012862133202257327
).3320397801284782
In34373978012896165
the36383978012889159221
dialogue389539780128120158221259328399469531
«Timaeus»,446239780128120205243353413475546601671706
he520339780128120182
describes5674220012870133188249296335405468521
it1124422001284381
as12414220012867121
the13984220012842113175
«16084220012874
receptacle16834219012855117180242312351420483522584
and23024219012875144215
nurse25524219012874145199253315
of29034219012874114
all30524219012873113151
becoming32394219012874137198269371408478548
»,37904220012870105
an39304220012866136
invisible41024220012842113183222276315385424486
and46244220012866135206
formless,48654220012852121168277314376431485521
plastic5674461012870110172226264304367
substrate9684461012856126195250289336398436499
that15024461012840110172212
is1748446101284195
itself1879446101283979133196235281
devoid21954461012871134203273312383
of26124461012872118
any27664461012864133204
properties.30034461012872119189259322368406445508562598
Chora36364461012894164234281343
is4013446101284195
not41444461012871140180
identical43584461012841111174243282321384446484
to48774461012840111
matter502444610128109169208248311357
as5674702012862117
we72647020128102163
commonly9234702012870140250358425496535606
know15624702012877148217318
it1915470201284685
(which20354702012853154224263325394
is24654702012845100
already25994702012869108154217279348418
formed30504702012857127174284344415
matter350747020128109169208248310357
of38994702012876123
things)40574702012845116154225294348396
but44884702012876146185
represents47084702012854115185231294348410480519574
a53164702012869
pure5674945012870141188249
«receptacle»,85149450128103149211273335405443506569606669739774
a16604945012894
potentiality18214944012870140179241311350389459497537575638
to24934944012871141
be266949440128101164
formed28674944012871141196297359428
.32974945012835
It33674945012879116
is35194945012870124
an36784945012895164
eternal38774945012893132195241310373412
and43234945012895164234
indestructible45924945012870140210273326366413482545582622692730792
principle,5675186012870117156226289327396436499534
thanks11365186012861132193264333388
to15605186012861131
which172651860128124194233296365
the21265186012863133195
appearance23575186012885155224287349396457528590652
of30445186012894141
anything32205186012886155225263333373442512
corporeal37685186012885156202272342389450512551
is43555186012861117
possible45075186012893163217271311380420482
at50245186012886125
all.51845186012885124162198
Chora-matter5675427012894164233288358406507577615655716771
is13735427012848103
the15125427012848118181
source17285427012865134205252313376
ofmultiplicity21395427012879126231354270128101171209249287358396435498537575638
,29515427012835
particularity30315427012870141195234273336405443514568607646709
,37405427012835
mutability,382054270128101171209279350388427466505567602
death44585427012880142212250320
and48135427012881151220
birth,50695427012880119174212282318
evil,5675668012862125164202238
and8395668012870140211
lack10855668012838108170232
of13535668012870108
freedom1496566801283993156218287357459
.19555668012835
Thus,9215911012886154224278312
the12675911012839108170
sensoryCosmos1470591101285511718523930735342219255910012894163217317386440
arises23995911012863109147200261315
as27485911012863117
a28985911012863
result29955911012847109161231268306
of33355911012870116
the34855911012839108169
influence36885911012839109155192261323391453514
of42355911012870116
the43855911012839108170
world458859110128102170216254324
of49465911012870116
Ideas50955911012847116178238292
(through567615201284785154200270338408476
the10776152012840109171
mediation128161520128110168237276337375414483552
of18676152012871116
theDemiurge20176152012840109170222161520128101162262299369423491553
–28086152012870
the29146152012840108170
craftsman-organizer)311861520128621081692142523064154745435896587047738359049411003106411081154
on43056152012870140
formless44796152012839109163264301363415469
matterchora4982615201281021702082453073615676393012862131201255323
.8896393012835
The9216635012886154216
world117266350128101169216253323
of15296635012870116
Ideas16806635012848115177238292
ishierarchical200566350128409321326634012870109170224292346408476514576644682
.28146635012835
At288266350128102139
the30566635012840109170
head32606635012870131192261
of35556635012871118
the37056635012840108170
hierarchy39106635012870107169215276321383452521
is4464663501283993
the45906635012839109171
Idea47966634012847116178245
of50766634012871108
the52196634012839108170
Good56768770128101170239309
,8756877012835
which94468770128101169208269338
Plato13176877012878116177214284
compared16356877012862131239305367413474543
to22126877012839109
the23556877012839108170
Sun.25596877012878147217251
It2844687701284684
is2963687701283992
the30906877012839108170
source32946877012854123192238300361
of36896877012870116
being38396877012870132168238306
and41806877012862131201
knowledge44156877012870138208309346408476545607
for50566877012847116162
all52526877012862100137
other5677118012870109178240286
Ideas.8877118012845113174236289324
In9217359012847116
the10717359012886155217
dialogue132273590128117154216254322392460522
«The187873590128116200269330
Republic»,224273590128140201270340410447485547616650
Plato292673590128124162224262331
presents329273590128115162223276338407444498
the38257359012885154215
allegory41217359012870107146208277345399460
of461573590128116155
the48047359012886155217
cave505573590128109178239301
,53547359012835
illustrating567760001283978116184238276322383421459528597
the11987600012877147209
difficulty144176000128108146193238275337404443481551
of202476000128110156
knowledge.221476000128109179247348385447516584646680
Intelligible29287600012884153192254292329367436474542581643
Ideas36057600012886153215276330
can396976000128102163231
be423576000128109171
known444076000128108177246347415
only488976000128110178217286
by520776000128110179