397
TOPIC1876287010064133194229286
2.218428701005982
PHILOSOPHY2289287010061133168223292343413475546607
OF2919287010069124
THE3066287010064136193
ANCIENT3281287010065134190226283351415
WORLD3717287010096165232287359
8229178014010860120
«give567596012870139177247308
birth»909596012883121167205273343
to1285596012852121
the1441596012851120182
truth165759601285097164203273
independently,1964596012851120189250320381449519581648687724794826
exposing2823596012875145214284338375445513
contradictions3371596012875144212251297358426464526563601670739792
in4196596012852122
their4352596012852120182220266
opinions4652596012882152189259296365434488
and5174596012875143213
purifying567839012870140186224270339375445515
knowledge1115839012870138208309346408475545606
of1753839012870116
false1903839012846107145199260
conceptions.2197839012861130199260322391428466535604657692
«9211080012870
I9891080012847
know10701080012869138208301
that14041080012846116184223
I16611080012854
know17491080012869138206299
nothing20821080012876146184253292360430
»25111080012870
–26151080012877
this27261080012846114153206
famous29661080012854115223290360414
phrase34151080012877145191253306368
was382310800128102162216
the40731080012846115176
starting4283108001286299161205243281351419
point47371080012877145184252291
of50621080012877123
his52191080012876114167
philosophy.5671321012870140178216285338408476546615647
It12481321012870108
meant139113210128133191252322360
that17861321012862132194230
true20511321012861107176238
knowledge23221321012894162232332370431499569631
begins29851321012894156224262332385
with340413210128125162200269
the37061321012863131193
recognition39331321012871132193261330400437476513583651
of46191321012892138
one's47911321012893162224248302
own51261321012894195262
ignorance5671563012839109178247293354423485545
and11461563012886155225
a14051563012886
critical15251563012886132168207245306367405
attitude19641563012886124163200238307376438
toward24361563012863131232292338407
dogmas.28781563012893162231340399452487
Socrates339815630128102171233278340377439493
argued39251563012886132201270331400
that43601563012862132194230
knowledge46491562012862131200293331392460530592
is52751562012861114
virtue5671805012862100154193261323
.8881805012835
A96018050128101
person10951805012873135180234303372
does15011805012874142204257
evil17921805012865134173211
only20381805012872142179249
out23191805012873143181
of25351805012873120
ignorance,26891805012842112180250296356425487548582
by33041805012874143
mistake.348418050128109144199237299368430464
He398418050128102162
who418518050128101169239
has44591805012873135188
truly4682180501284187156193263
learned49771805012842104165211280342411
what56720460128101170232269
good8712046012883153221291
is11962046012852105
will134820460128101139177216
not15982046012883151190
act18212046012875137174
otherwise.20302046012883121191253298399436489550584
Consequently,26612046012893162232286348416485547615653692761794
the34882046012852122183
foundation37052046012860129199268337398436474542612
of43512046012883129
morality452720460128109176222283321360398468
lies5027204601285290152205
in52672046012852121
reason,5672287012847108169223292362396
not9952287012871139177
in12072287012837106
habit13462287012870132201238277
or16562287012870116
expediency.18052287012860130199261330367429498560629661
Socrates24982287012878146206251311347408460
spoke29912287012855123191260320
of33412287012871115
an34892287012861129
inner36502287012837106173234278
«39602287012870
divine40272287012870107168205273333
sign4393228701285390158226
»46172287012870
(47192287012846
daimonion47632287012870139176275343411447515584
)53442287012847
that5672529012839107168205
restrained8052529012889149202239284344380449509577
him141525290128113151258
from17032529012891137204313
wrong204625290128146190257327395
actions.247425290128105165202239308376429462
This296925290128128195233285
can328825290128105165233
be355425290128113173
interpreted37602529012882150188248292360405465502562630
as442325290128106158
the46142529012882150211
voice485725290128113182219280340
of522925290128113158
conscience5672771012862130199251312348409477537597
–11972771012889
a13192771012882
moral145227710128109175220280316
feeling18032771012866126185222259328396
complementing22322771012881149257322359420528587654692729797866
reason.31312771012865125185238306374408
All357127710128120156194
of37982771012889134
this39642771012858127164217
is42132771012858110
located43572771012858126186246283344411
within480227710128120156193261299366
the52012771012858126187
person5673012012870131175227296364
themselves,9643012012837105166272322383419488548601634
not16283012012870138177
in18383012012836105
the19763012012836105165
Cosmos.21723012012893161214323388441474
Accused92132540128101162223292346408477
of14333254012877123
«15903254012877
corrupting16653253012862131185238308376415453522591
the22913253012846115177
youth25023253012869137206244313
»28153254012870
and29193254012869138207
«31613254012877
not32363253012870139177
believing34483253012877138176213275336374443512
in39953253012846114
the41443253012845115177
gods43553253012877145213267
of46573253012877115
the48073253012846114176
state50173253012861100168207268
»,52853254012870104
Socrates5673495012878147209254316354415469
was108234950128101162215
sentenced13323495012867129197235297365427487556
to19223495012852120
death.20773495012883145206242312347
At247034950128101139
his26433495012882120174
trial,2852349501285097133195233267
he31533495012883145
called33323495012875136173211273341
himself37073495012883121229280342380426
an41673495012875144
«43473495012883
Athenian44283495012886123193254323361430499
gadfly49613495012883152221258297359
»53173495012870
who56737370128101170239
stung8413737012885124192262330
the12063737012869138200
citizens14403737012893131168206268329397451
of192637370128101147
Athens210737370128132169237299368421
so25633737012885153
they27513737012870138200268
would305237370128132200270309378
not346537370128101169208
fall37073737012878139175214
into39553737012869139176244
a42343737012893
spiritual43613737012885155192238276313383445481
slumber.48773737012885123192301367429475509
Socrates5673978012878147209254316354415469
believed10693978012895157193232294361423492
that15963978012862132194231
the18613978012864132194
well-being208939780128126187224263309377439477545615
of27373978012895141
society29123978012879147209247308346416
and33603978012887156226
the36193978012864133194
power38473978012895163264325370
of42513978012895141
the44263978012863133194
state46543978012878117179215277
depend49653978012894156225287354423
primarily5674220012870116154263322367405444514
on11134220012894164
the13114220012863132194
moral156342190128101170224292331
character19284219012886155224278346408446507560
of25224219012894132
its26894219012863100154
citizens28774219012886123160199253314382436
.33134220012835
He338242200128125185
refused36014220012870132177246300362430
to40664220012862132
escape42314220012886139201262332393
from46584220012871116185294
prison,49834220012894140178232302372406
preferring5674461012870116178223284330376414483552
death11534461012882144205242311
to14994461012849119
the16524461012850119180
abandonment18664461012874143205274342412480589647716755
of26554461012882128
his28174461012882121175
principles.30254461012882128166235297334403441502556590
His366044610128102139193
death38884461012880142203241309
became42314461012881143204266374432
a46974461012874
symbol48054461012866137244312382420
of52604461012882128
fidelity567470201283978147209246284321383
to9844702012837107
truth1126470201283790160197266
and14254702012871139209
philosophical16674702012870138177215284338406476544582644712750
freedom2452470201283790152213282351452
.29014702012835
The9214945012886154216
outstanding117149450128114182221275312374443511550618688
pupil189249450128114183252290328
of225549450128113159
Socrates,244849450128122189251297358396458510544
Plato30704944012886123193230299
(427-34734034945012891160230298344413482551
BC),398849450128138230275309
is43314945012883136
considered450149450128105174244298335405467512574641
the51774945012882151212
founder5675186012847116185255323385431
of10325186012883129
objective12095186012870139177239300337375437498
idealism17415186012852120182251290327381482
.22215186012835
Plato22895186012892129191228297
created26215186012876122183244281343411
the30665186012853121183
first3284518601286199145197236
grand,35545186012883129190260328362
comprehensive39505186012876145253319365427496558627681719789851
system48355186012867137188227288398
in52635186012853123
the5675427012839109170
history7715427012899137190229297343412
of12165427012899146
philosophy13965427012899169206245313367435505575644
and20735427012891161230
founded23365427012877146214284352414483
a28525427012892
school29775427012884146215284353390
in34025427012867137
Athens357254270128131168238300368422
–402854270128100
the41615427012869138200
Academy44235427012886146215285347447508
.49295427012835
Plato's499854270128107144206244312337390
response5675668012847108161231301369423485
to10865668012860130
the12505668012861130192
execution14765668012885152214275343382420489558
of20695668012891137
his22405668012893130184
teacher24595668012860122183244313375421
and29145668012883152222
the31705668012862130192
relativism33965668012869130168228266305373412465573
of40015668012892138
the41745668012862132193
Sophists440256680128101170238308345399436490
was492756680128123184237
the51995668012860130190
theory5675911012839109170240286355
of9545911012888134
the11225911012856126188
objective13445911012888157196256317355393461523
existence19015911012880149187240278340408470531
of24665911012888134
eternal26345911012880118179225294355393
and30615911012880149219
unchanging33145911012888156218287349417486524593662
ideal40105911012857126187248286
foundations43315911012864133203271341402439477546615670
of50355911012887133
the52025911012856126187
world56761520128101170216254323
–9256152012891
Ideas10726152012847116178245299
(14066152012868
eidos14736152012862100169238291
).1762615201284781
In18766152012868137
Plato's20486152012899137199237306331384
philosophy,24676152012891160198235305359427497565635667
Ideas31906152012847116178247301
can35256152012884145214
be37746152012891153
figuratively39616152012868106174242289350388426494556594664
compared46576152012884153262329391436497566
to52586152012860130
motionless56763930128109176214253322392430492546599
beacons120063930128126188249310378448501
or173563930128125171
eternal194063930128119157218264332394432
standards240663930128109148210279347409455524576
in30166393012895164
the32156393012895163225
sea347463930128109171232
of374063930128127173
sensory394763930128109171240293363409478
movement445763930128166233302364473532601640
and513263930128118187257
mutability.56766350128109176214276345384422461499569601
In9216877012847116
his10716877012889127181
ontology13036877012870139177245284352422484
,17866877012835
Plato18746877012886123191230298
distinguished22256877012870107161199237306375443482535604666734
three29936877012858127173234295
levels33216877012858120189249287341
of36956877012889136
reality.38636877012866127188226263302372404
1.The43016877012889123207276338
transcendent46736877012857104165233287349408478546608677715
One56771180128101170232
—84671180128140
the10207118012853123185
unknowable12397118012884154222292361462522590629691
and19647118012876145213
ineffable22127118012853122184230275337404443505
supreme27517118012868136206251312422480
principle,32657118012884131169238300338407445506540
the38397118012853123184
source40577118012869137207253314375
of44667118012885131
all46317118012876114151
being48177118012884145183252321
and51737118012876145214
unity.5677359012870140178216285317
2.Theworld918735901288311720327133312977359012894163217255325
of16567359012882120
Ideas18107359012859128190259313
(eidos)21587359012860121159227297350396
–25887359012883
true,2705735901285298167229263
eternal,30017359012875113174220289351389423
intelligible34587359012852121159220258296334402441509548609
being,41017359012883144182251321356
which450373590128101170208270338
exists48757359012876145183236274327
by52377359012883152
virtue5677600012870109155193261323
of9247600012870116
itsparticipationin10747600012840771311239760001287014019323126833036843650654358065072019917600012840108
the21347600012840108170
One.233976000128101169231265
Ideas26387600012847115177238291
are29637600012862107168
the31657600012840110172
first3370760001284886132185223
manifestation362876000128109168237275321383436475536573612681750
and44117600012863131201
expression46467600012862131200246307361415452521590
of52707600012871116