406
TOPIC1876287010064133194229286
2.218428701005982
PHILOSOPHY2289287010061133168223292343413475546607
OF2919287010069124
THE3066287010064136193
ANCIENT3281287010065134190226283351415
WORLD3717287010096165232287359
7829178014010860120
Second,567596012878138198266334402436
the1035596012847116176
image1244596012847154212280340
of1617596012878123
passing1773596012879139192244282350417
through2224596012847115160228295363432
the2688596012847115176
gate2897596012876136172233
suggests3163596012862131199267328379416469
that3665596012847114175212
we39185960128101161
are4111596012871115175
passing4319596012878138191244281349417
beyond4769596012878138206272341409
the5211596012847116176
limits56783901283976185219256309
of907839012870115
human1052839012870139247305373
perception1455839012870131175236296365403440508577
to2065839012836103
knowledge2199839012870139207307343403471539600
that2832839012836104164200
lies306683901283673134186
beyond3282839012871131200266335403
experience.3716839012862130198259303340400468528588621
Parmenides9211080012886154208309370439477545607661
addressed16161080012896165233279341394447509576
«being»222710800128104172234272341410479
itself,27401080012872111165226264311345
moving311810800128142209280318388456
beyond360910800128103165234301371440
the40841080012872141203
empiricism43211080012895204272311357395456493547656
of500810800128104150
his519210800128103142196
predecessors.5671321012870116178247308370431483537606652705740
With134013210128133169207277
his16511321012871109161
divine18471321012870108177215284345
guides,22261321012871140177247309361395
Parmenides26551321012878139184294354423461531591645
declares33341321012870132193230292337398452
truths3820132101283884153192260314
about41691321012860130199268306
thatwhich4510132101283910716820647491321012894163200262331
is5114132101283892
.52061321012835
In52751321012846114
particular,5671563012870132178216254316384422484529563
he116415630128101163
tells13611563012868130168206259
us165515630128101154
that18431563012870140201238
whatever211515630128133201263301362431493539
is26881563012869123
(28451563012878
has29201562012870140194
«being»314815620128100170232268338406476
)36241563012847
is37051563012870122
complete,38931562012862131232299338400438499533
permanent,446015620128101163215316384454515583622656
and515015620128101169238
unchanging5671805012870140202269339407477516584654
.12191805012835
Whatever129218050128133200262299361430492536
is1862180501284498
not19941805012875145183
(22121805012851
non-being22621805012870139208254322384422490560
)28221805012847
cannot29031805012866126195265333372
even33091805012867136198266
be36091805012875137
thought.37801805012843113181251319389426461
That42791805012886154216254
which457218050128101169208270339
is4945180501284498
could50771805012867136204243311
not5672046012870140178
have7792046012875137205267
become10802046012874136197266375434
what155320460128102170232270
it1857204601284582
is1974204601284497
because21062046012874136197258327380442
it2582204601284382
could26982046012868136206243313
only30442046012876145183252
have33282046012876138207269
come36312046012868136244303
out39682046012876145184
of41862046012875121
that43412046012845113175213
which459320460128101169208270337
is4965204601284597
not50972046012875144181
–53132046012876
and5672287012862131201
that8032287012843111173211
cannot10492287012866127197265335372
even14552287012867136198267
be17562287012874136
thought.19262287012843113181251319389426460
Hence,242422870128102162231293354388
Being28512287012886148185255325
is3210228701284397
eternal,33412287012867105167219288357395430
indivisible,38042287012844113182220282319371410480517578612
unchanging,44502287012875144206274343412481519588657691
and51752287012874144212
complete5672529012862131232301339401439499
.10652529012835
We113425290128165225
will139325290128133170209247
see16752529012886148209
this19182529012871141180234
concept21862529012894164232294355423461
of268225290128102148
being286425290128102163201270340
emerge32392529012894202261306375437
again37102529012894164225263333
in40772529012871140
Plato.425125290128110149211249318353
The463725290128118187248
contrast49192529012895164233271317378432469
between5672771012870132170271331392461
Heraclitus106327710128145206251313374412450488557610
and170727710128107176245
Parmenides198727710128122183229337396465503573634688
is27102771012882137
essential288127710128105159213275344381419481518
to34332771012883153
an362027710128107175
understanding382927710128114184252314358412450512581650688756826
of469027710128114160
all488427710128106143181
later51002771012883145181243287
philosophical5673012012870140178216285338408476546583645706744
thought.13453012012838106176244314382421454
In9213254012847116
his10713254012880118171
poem,12763254012880148210318351
Parmenides16703253012886154208309370439477547608662
designated23663254012880141194232300370432469530599
this30003254012847117154208
divine32423254012880117185224293355
foundation36313254012856124193262331393430468537606
of42723254012878124
the44303254012848118179
Cosmos46523254012893162216325392446
with514132540128102139177247
the5673495012839109170
concept7723495012862131200262323392429
of12363495012871109
Being13803495012886147184253322
,17023495012835
hoping17713495012870139209246316384
to21903495012839108
philosophically23323495012871141178216285339407477545584646705743782852
bolster32163495012871140179233271333379
the36293495012839108170
weakening383334950128102162223292354422460530598
religious44663495012847109147184253292360430483
faith49833495012848109147185254
of52713495012871117
his5673737012870109163
compatriots.7643737012868136245311373411457495565603657692
Parmenides14893737012884145191299359428466536596650
argued21733737012868114183251313382
that25903737012845113175213
the28373737012844113175
senses30453737012860122191245307359
deceive34383737012876138199260298367428
us,39003737012876129164
suggesting40973737012860130198268330383420459527597
that47283737012845113175213
there49763737012843113174220281
is5291373701284598
nothing5673978012870140178247285354423
in10253978012841109
the11693978012841109171
world137639780128101169216254323
but17343978012871140179
a19473978012865
multitude204839780128109175214252291329398467529
of26113978012872118
transient2763397801284187149216271309371439477
things.32753978012841109147216285338373
The36833978012886154216
sum39333978012857126234
of42023978012870116
such43523978012856126188257
things46443978012841110149217287339
people50183978012872134202270309370
tend5674220012839101170240
to8404220012858126
mistake101942200128110145199238299368430
for14834220012866133180
true1715421901283992161223
Being197242190128105165203272341
.23134220012835
He238242200128120180
drew25964220012888134195296
a29254220012881
rigid30404220012866104173210280
distinction33554220012888126179218255325386423461531599
between39894220012888150186287348409478
opinion45014220012889158196265303371441
(49774220012865
doxa50404219012870140202269
),5309422001284779
based5674461012870132185247315
on9174461012880150
sensory11014461012864126195248317364433
experience,15664461012873142211272317355417486548609643
and22434461012872141210
truth2487446101285096165202272
(27934461012858
aletheia28484461012870109169207277339376445
),3292446101284781
apprehended34064461012873142210257318387449517586648716
only41564461012880149188257
by44464461012880150
pure46284461012880150196258
thought.49204461012849119188257326396433468
He56747020128101162
asserted7634702012897150204266312349411480
that12784702012872142203240
true1587470201283992161222
Beingis18434702012812018121928835822354702012874126
inaccessible23964702012873142204265326387441493532600639701
to31314702012873141
the33074702012873142203
senses35444702012889151219273335387
and39664702012896165234
is42344702012874128
revealed43964702012882143211272334371433501
only493247020128104173211281
to52454702012873143
intuition5674945012839109147216254291330398468
and10694945012872141209
the13134945012848117179
mind.153549450128110145215284319
True18964944012878131201263
Being21934944012895155193263332
is25604944012848101
the26954944012849118179
One291849440128101170231
.31484945012835
It3217494501285693
is33454945012848102
motionless,349249450128110176215253323392430491545598632
solidly41584945012863133172210278317387
homogeneous,45774945012879149257324394455524586655725778812
indivisible5675186012839109178216285322376414483520582
into11835186012848117155225
parts,14415186012879141187225278312
and17875186012870139209
«like20305186012880117155224285
a23495186012872
well-rounded246451860128101162200237284329398467536605666736
sphere».32345186012863132201262308369438472
Being37485186012894155193263332
is41155186012847101
precisely42495186012879126187248286340401438508
that47895186012848118180218
which505051860128102170209270338
can5675427012862124193
be7945427012879141
grasped9695427012880126186239309371438
by14425427012879149
thought16235427012848118186256326394432
and20905427012871139209
expressed23335427012872140209255317369423485553
in29205427012848117
a30715427012872
logical31775427012848117186224286347384
proposition.35955427012880126194263332386424462500568637671
From43005427012887132202310
this46425427012848117156210
followed48875427012855125163200270371431500
his5675668012870109163
central7635668012882143213250296357395
thesis:11915668012859128189243280334373
«15975668012890
The16855668012878147209
same19285668012874143243304
thing22665668012859127166234304
exists26035668012882144181234273326
for29635668012858128182
thinking31785668012859127166235296334403472
and36845668012890158228
for39455668012859129181
being41615668012889151189258327
»44885668012870
or,45915668012891137171
in47945668012859129
another49565668012882150220258327388433
formulation,5675911012847116162270337375437475513583653687
«thinking12865911012870108177216284354391461529
and18495911012861130200
being20825911012870132169238307
are24235911012861107168
the26255911012837107169
same».28285911012853114221281350385
This9216152012878146183236
identity11906152012851118178246283320358418
of16406152012881119
being17916152012881142179247314
and21376152012882150219
thought23886152012850119186254323390427
is28506152012851102
the29866152012850117178
crucial31976152012873118186246283343380
point.36106152012882149186255292325
For39686152012889157202
Parmenides,42026152012890150194301360428465533594646679
Being49256152012894154190259327
is52846152012851104
not5676393012870139176
a7766393012863
physical8736393012870138206257294355415451
object13586393012870139176235295332
but17246393012870138176
an19336393012863131
intelligible,20996393012839107145205241278315383420488525586618
logical27506393012839108176212273341378
structure3161639301285593145213273310378431492
revealed36866393012848108176236296333393461
only41806393012870137174243
to44546393012839108
reason.45956393012848108167220288356390
This50186393012886153190243
is5296639301284093
why56766350128101169238
it836663501284178
is948663501284193
single,1075663501285693162229266327360
eternal,14676635012864101161206274333370403
unchanging,19046635012871139199267328396464501568637670
motionless,260866350128110175212249318386423484536589622
and32636635012864132200
perfect.34976635012870131175219279339376409
Everything39416635012885153213258327361430467535604
we458066350128101161
perceive47756635012871131176236295332400461
as52696635012863115
motion,56768770128109176213250319387420
change,10206877012864132192260328389422
and14746877012864132201
the17086877012841109170
multiplicity191468770128109174212249286354392429489526563632
of25786877012871115
things27266877012841110147215284336
is3096687701284193
merely322668770128109167211271308377
deceptive36376877012871131191251319356393462522
«opinion»,41946877012870137206243311348417485554586
an48126877012864132
illusion4978687701284178115183236273342409
of5677118012870115
the7157118012839107167
senses.9157118012855115183236296348382
Thus,13297118012886153221274307
Parmenidesnot1669711801288615320630536543347053859965123527118012870137175
only25607118012870138174243
described28357118012870130183244288325393454522
the33907118012839107168
properties35907118012871115182250311355392429489542
of41627118012871116
Being43107118012894153190260328
but46717118012870138175
identified48797118012839107168236272309346383444511
Being5677359012886145182250319
itself9197359012878115168229265302
with125573590128132169205273
the15627359012878146207
content180073590128102170238275336404441
of227473590128109146
pure245373590128109178229290
thought27757359012879147215283351419457
(32667359012886
Mind-Nous335073590128117153221290335426494561614
),3962735901284779
which407473590128140208245305373
is44807359012879131
essentially464573590128101154205266333371408468505541609
a528573590128102
philosophical5677600012870139176213281333401470537574635695731
deification13297600012870131167212249309369406443510579
of19387600012870115
the20867600012836105165
Mind.228176000128125162230299332
Reason26437600012893153213265334402
and30767600012862130198
reality33087600012844104164200237275343
coincide.36817600012862130167235296332401461494