224
TOPIC1876287010064133194229286
2.218428701005982
PHILOSOPHY2289287010061133168223292343413475546607
OF2919287010069124
THE3066287010064136193
ANCIENT3281287010065134190226283351415
WORLD3717287010096165232287359
5529178014010860120
connections567596012862133202273336397436474545615669
and1271596012876147216
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Wuwei12878390128117185279342381
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Legalism1815839012878140211280320358412514
(or2394839012847117164
Legalist2624839012878140209280318357412450
school3110839012885147217287357396
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that4274839012870140203241
only45508390128100170209280
stringent4863839012885125172210280350413482521
state567108001285594157195257
laws8601080012837100201255
(11511080012847
Fa11981080012886154
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ensure17811080012861131187256303366
cosmic-social21821080012861131185295331394442497567630668731769
harmony.29851080012870133179289356427498531
Ancient92113210128101171234273336405443
Chinese140013210128132203241311373427490
philosophy192513210128109179217256326380450521590661
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political35951321012870141180219257297359429467
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pragmatic44131321012870124195265366436474514576
.49901321012835
Most506013210128164234288327
philosophical5671563012870141179219288342413483552592654716755
schools13581563012880143213283352392446
considered18391563012890160230285323393456502565634
their25081563012867136199237284
primary28271563012898145183292352399470
mission333115630128137175230285325394465
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be40021563012897159
the41951563012866137200
improvement44301563012866176244291361431493603663733772
of52381563012897143
state567180501285594157195257
governance86018050128108178248311358427489559621684
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social18541805012894164227265327366
morality.225618050128148216263326365403443513546
Philosophers283818050128117187226265335389459530599662709762
served36361805012892155202271334404
as407518050128101154
advisors426518050128101171241280335404451505
to48051805012885154
rulers,49951805012886155194257303357393
developing5672046012870133202265304373443483552622
ethico-political12242046012879118188227289359407476546584624662702764826865
doctrines.21252046012885155217256304342411474527563
Chinese272320460128110180218288351405467
thinkers32252046012856125165234304367413467
believed37272046012887150188226289359421490
that42532046012855125187225
negative45142046012886149218281319358428491
social50402046012870140203241304342
phenomena5672287012870141203273342452512582645
stemmed12472287012878118180289397458528
from18112287012870117187297
humanity's21412287012894164274334404444483554577632
disruption28082287012894133187234304375413452522592
of34352287012893140
cosmic36102287012886155210320357419
harmony.40642287012894157203313381451522555
Each465422870128109171234304
school49932287012879141210281351389
offered5672529012870117164226273335405
distinct100725290128109147201241279350411450
explanations:149325290128100169240278340410473511551620690745783
Confucianism231225290128131202271318387450489551621660714823
attributed316925290128100139179226264335404444505576
this37802529012876147185240
to40562529012876145
the42372529012877146209
loss44812529012877147202256
of:477325290128108155193
Ritual50452529012886124164233303341
propriety5672771012870125195265320358421459521
(11242771012879
Lǐ12032771012878117
)13192771012847
and14012771012894164234
Humaneness170227710128101171273342413475545607661715
(24542771012879
Rén25322771012886148218
),2750277101284782
Daoism286727710128133195265305359468
saw33682771012887149251
it36532771012871111
as37992771012895149
resulting39842771012879141195265304343382451522
from45412771012879125195305
artificial48782771012895142181220267305368407469507
interference5673012012839110148211258304366412475544607669
with127130120128128166206275
natural15823012012896158197266314376414
processes,20313012012897144213276338391446509563598
Legalism266430120128114176246309347386441550
blamed32473012012897136199309369439
lack37223012012865128190260
of40183012012895142
clear41943012012888127190253299
laws45283012012866128230283
(48463012012873
Fa49213012012886155
)50773012012847
and51593012012888158228
punishments.5673254012870141210249304374483543613653708744
Both134632540128109180218287
individuals16693254012855125195234304343413483545583638
and23433254012879148218
society25973254012870140202241304342412
as30433254012878133
a32123254012878
whole332532540128118188258297360
were372032540128118179226288
expected40443254012878149218281343381444513
to45933254012855126
uphold47543254012886156226296335405
the51943254012856125188
universal5673495012870141179249312358412475514
order11153495012877124193256304
of14533495012877123
coexistence.16113495012869138200270310364402465534597659694
By23473495012894164
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with305234950128101140178248
the33363495012845115178
harmonious35483495012877139185294362433472543612666
interplay42503495012846115154217263332372434504
of47873495012877124
Yin49563495012878118188
and51793495012868138208
Yang5673737012878148219289
,8563737012835
people9263737012870132202271310373
could13343737012862132202240311
achieve16803737012863124194233295365427
lives2142373701283977148211264
of24403737012870118
mutual259337370128109177216287349387
respect,30163737012847109163233296358396431
justice,34823737012839109163202241303366401
and39183737012862131201
social41553737012853124186224287325
concord.45163737012862131201264333380449485
The9213978012886152211
first11643978012864100143194230
historically14263978012887123175211278322357416475511547615
verified20723978012889148192227271306366432
philosopher25363978012887154190226293345412480547606650
in32173978012856124
China337339780128110177213280339
was376139780128102160211
Confucius40223978012894160227264331390426493544
(45983978012863
Kongzi46583978012894160227295346382
)50383978012847
(Fig.51163978012864139175242274
11).5674220012870137181213
Living81142200128106141208244311378
contemporaneously1221422001288314921725331241948355059565472178084791496610021070
with234142200128101136172239
Buddha261242200128114181248315382442
(551-47930854220012867134201268312379446513
BCE),363042200128114204286329361
though40224220012859127194261328396
unaware44504220012890157216314372416475
of49564220012890134
each51224220012882141200266
other's5674461012870106173233276298349
existence,9454461012863129165217253312379438497530
these15064461012835102162213272
thinkers18114461012835102138205272332375426
shared22694461012851118178222281348
remarkable26494461012844103209267311379439505541601
similarities3281446101285187194229265324367403439474534585
in38994461012835102
lifestyle4033446101283672116176228264332366425
and44874461012862129196
worldview.471244610128102168212247314381418477576608
Fig.24727074010873105165196
11.26997074010860120150
«Confucius»28487074010860138198265305372425458525572632
«Confucius»6787277011060138199259299359412445505552614
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drawing14107277011060100154240273333395
from1833727701104081141234
the2097727701103494147
book22747277011060120180240
«Myths25447277011062165227258318365
and29397277011053113174
Legends31447277011074124185238298358404
of35787277011060100
China»37107277011080140173234287349
by40877277011060122
E.T.C.42377277011074104177207287317
Werner,458472770110113167207267320359389
1922.50037277011060120180240270