380
TOPIC1876287010064133194229286
2.218428701005982
PHILOSOPHY2289287010061133168223292343413475546607
OF2919287010069124
THE3066287010064136193
ANCIENT3281287010065134190226283351415
WORLD3717287010096165232287359
5229178014010860120
Silk921769012878117157226
and1183769012883153223
porcelain1442769012890159207269331369432470541
were20187690128123183230292
also2345769012884123177247
Chinese26277690128115185224293356411473
innovations.3135769012860130200270340402441480550620674710
The38807690128106176239
Silk4154769012899137176246
Road44357690128115184247316
(operating4787769012868138207270317378417456526596
from567101101284794164273
the8731011012853124187
2nd10951011012883152223
century13531011012875138207246316363433
BCE182010110128107201287
to21411011012853123
the22991011012852123184
15th25191011012883153192262
century28161011012876138207247317364434
CE)328310110128108194240
served35581011012869131178247310379
as39731011012876129
a41381011012875
vital42481011012884123162224263
trade4546101101285299162231294
network.48751011012883145183285355402471506
Why56712530128133201273
was88512530128101163217
it1138125301285190
so12641253012866135
significant?14351253012865104174244283330368431493562602664
Because21451253012894156219281350404467
it2647125301285189
connected27721253012873142213283346408446509578
China338512530128105175214283346
with377812530128101140178249
Europe,40621253012898166213283353416451
facilitating45481253012858119182221259299337400438477547617
the52001253012851120182
exchange5671494012862133195265327396467529
of11311494012871117
not12831494012871141179
just14981494012840109163203
goods17361494012870141211280335
(silk,21071494012846101139179248284
tea,24261494012838101164199
spices)26601494012854125163226288342389
but30841494012870140179
also32981494012864102156226
ideas,35601494012839108171233287322
religions39171494012848110148187257295366436490
(Buddhism),44421494012848141210281351420460514623668703
and51801494012863133204
technologies5671735012839102164233304373412483552592653708
(for1311173501284693162209
instance,15551735012838109163202264334397459494
papermaking20831735012870133202265311421480551590661731
technology28491735012839100162232302372411481551621
spread35041735012854125172234297366
from3905173501284794163271
China42101735012894164203274337
to45821735012838108
Europe).47261735012885154201271341403449484
Chinese9211977012894164203273336389452
philosophy140819770128105175214252323377448517587657
emerged20991977012899209269316386449519
around26541977012898143214283353423
the31131977012873144206
same33531977012890153262322
time37101977012875114225285
as40301977012898153
Ancient421819770128137207270307369439479
Greek473319770128136183245306376
and51451977012898167237
Ancient56722190128101171234273336405443
Indian10462219012868138207247309379
philosophy,14612219012890160199237308362432502572642676
in21722219012860130
the23382219012860131193
mid-1st256722190128130167237288358412450
millennium305322190128130167206246309379448488558667
BCE.375322190128115208294329
K.411722190128123158
Jaspers43102219012875138193263325372427
called47722219012884145184222285354
this51622219012860130169223
period5672460012870133180218288358
«9602460012899
the10592460012839109171
Axial126624600128114175213283322
Age162424600128114182245
».18702460012870105
In20102460012875145
China,218924600128122193231301363398
it26232460012866105
coincided27642460012889159198267330369439501571
with337024600128130167206276
the36822460012866136199
Zhou391524600128114184253323
Dynasty427424600128129199267330385424495
(11th–3rd48022460012875146215255324398469516585
centuries5672702012862125195233304351389452505
BCE).110827020128130224310356391
During153427020128138208255293363433
the20022702012876146209
Warring224627020128169230276323362432503
States278427020128115153216253316371
period319127020128105168215253322393
(5th–3rd36192702012884153193262336407453523
centuries41782702012897160230269339386424487541
BCE),475427020128131224310356391
the51802702012876145207
«Hundred5672943012870171241311382428490561
Schools11632943012898159230299369408462
of16612943012890136
Thought»183229430128106176246316387456495565
flourished,24322943012866106176246293331386456518587623
most309029430128129197252291
notably34172943012890159199262331369440
Confucianism39142943012894164234273344406444514584623677779
,46932943012835
Daoism478329430128101171242280335437
,52202943012835
L53092943012878
Legalism5673185012878140211280320358413515
andMohism11203185012862131201136031850128117187256296350451
.18103185012835
Chinese18833185012894164203273336389452
philosophy23703185012873143182221291345415485555624
has30283185012873136190
grown32543185012873121190291361
out36513185012872142181
of38673185012873120
local40223185012841111173236275
traditions4332318501284188151220259298337407477532
of48993185012872119
social50543185012856127188228290328
consciousness5673426012862133202257320358428498552622685739793
and13963426012862131202
acquired16333426012862123192263301349411480
unique21493426012870139178248318381
features.25653426012847109170209279326388442477
In9213668012847117
the10743668012856126189
East,129836680128103165218258293
nature16273668012886148186257303366
has20283668012888149204
traditionally22683668012856102165235273312351421492553592631702
been30033668012888150213283
revered33223668012863125195258305366436
as37943668012880133
sacred.39633668012871134196243305374410
In44083668012864133
nature45763668012887150189259306368
and49783668012880150220
its5234366801285594148
phenomena5673909012870141203273342452512582645
people12473909012880142212281321382
sought16653909012862132202272342381
answers20813909012871142197298360407461
to25773909012847118
to27293909012848118
life's2883390901284785132195220273
fundamental31923909012856125195265328437497567607670707
questions39353909012878149211264304342413482536
including45073909012847117179218288359397467537
those50793909012848118187242304
arising5674150012862109148202242311382
from9834150012856103172282
evolving12984150012871141212250321359429499
social18324150012863134195234297335
relations.22034150012854117156217256295366435489525
It2763415001285593
is28924150012847101
no30284150012879149
coincidence32124150012871140180249312350421483553615677
that39244150012847118180219
the41774150012848118181
names43934150012878141250310365
of47934150012880126
Eastern49544150012895157210250312358427
civilizations5674393012862101172210249288351412451490560630684
were130143930128101163209272
drawn16084393012884131193294364
from20074393012861108178288
nature's23274393012884147186257304365391445
patterns28084393012884146183223286331401456
and32994393012876146216
from35514393012860107176286
the38714393012853123186
natural40924393012884146185256302364403
order:45314393012883130199262309348
China491443930128108177215286349
–52984393012890
«The5674634012870155225288
Middle89246340128125164233303342405
Kingdom»133346340128101140209280350419528597
(«The19654634012848118204273336
Celestial23404634012893156195257311350389452491
Empire»28674634012886195262302349411482
or33834634012872120
«Under35384634012872173242313375421
Heaven»),399746340128101163224294357426497543578
Korea461246340128101171218280342
–49894634012875
«The50984634012873158227290
Land5674875012886148218289
of8904875012884131
Morning106948750128125194241310350419489
Freshness»,15934875012892139202255326395458512567637672
Japan23004875012867130199262331
–26664875012886
«The27884875012884169239302
Land312548750128100161230300
of34614875012883130
the36264875012852122184
Rising384548750128108146201239309378
Sun»,42594875012892161230301336
India46304875012860130200239301
–49664875012886
«The50874875012885170240301
Land5675116012886148218289
of8915116012870117
Rivers».10445116012894133202265312365436471
The15515116012878148211
idea17965116012840110173242
of20745116012871109
the22195116012839109172
unity24265116012870140179217280
between27415116012871134172265327390460
humanity32375116012870140242310381420458521
and37935116012871141210
nature40395116012871140180249303366
rooted44445116012848118188226289359
in48395116012839109
ancient49845116012862132195233296365403
mythology,56753590128109178217287358397467537607641
was124253590128101163218
subsequently14955359012855125196250312382452515585623662732
developed22615359012870132202266305374444507576
through28725359012839108156228298367438
rational33445358012855124164202273342412452
philosophical38305358012870140179217288342413482552591654723762
research46275358012855117171234303358419490
.51195359012835
In9215600012847117
mythology107456000128101162202271342380451520583
an16935600012862131
explanation18605600012862132202241303373436474513583653
was254856000128101163218
given28015600012870109180242311
for31485600012847117164
the33465600012839109172
origin35535600012870117155225264334
of39235600012870117
the40755600012839108171
world,428156000128102171218256326361
the46775600012839109172
nature48835600012870133172241289351
of52685600012870117
their5675841012839110172210257
formless8585841012855125172281317380435490
chaos.13845841012869139202271325360
According178658410128101163225296343412451521591
to24125841012846117
the25635841012847117180
myth,278558410128109178215287322
two31525841012839133203
spirits33905841012862132170225264302357
(gods)37825841012855125195264319366
were419058410128101163210272
born44975841012879148195265
in47975841012846115
chaos49485841012870139202271325
–53095841012878
Yin5676082012878117188
and79060830128104174244
Yang11116082012878148218288
,14016083012835
who147160830128144214283
began178960830128113176245307376
to22016083012882151
organize238860830128112159229291361400462525
the29476083012882152214
world.319660830128144214261299370405
Literally,363660830128128166205268313379418457526561
«423260830128113
Yin43446082012878118188
»45326083012870
and463760830128105175245
«491760830128113
Yang50296082012878149219289
»53176083012870
translates567632501283986149218273311374412475529
as11316325012874127
dark12946325012880143190259
and15886325012873143213
light1836632501285089159229268
(shadowy21386325012859113183246315384486556
and27276325012874144215
sunny29776325012866135206276346
hillsides33566325012882122160199254292363424479
or38706325012881128
river4033632501285896166228275
banks).43426325012882145214283338385421
Then47966325012898167230299
they51306325012850120183252
split5676566012855125164203242
up,8436566012870140176
Yang10536566012878148219289
controlling13776566012862131202240287357396434474544614
theHeaven20276566012837107170223265660128101163233296357428
,26616566012835
Yin27296566012878117188
controlling29536566012861131201240287356395434473543613
theEarth3602656601283910917138086566012886154209248318
.41286566012835
Basically,9216807012894156211249312374412452522555
Chinese151268070128113183222292355408471
myths201868070128130197235305360
told24146807012859128167237
about26866807012882152222292331
past30526807012890152206245
dynasties33326807012889160228291346385424486540
and39076807012883152221
rulers41646807012867136175237284338
in45376807012858128
such47006807012874144207276
a50116807012883
way512968070128121183253
that5677049012839110172210
mythological81370490128148218255326396436505576614677740777
characters162670490128101171233280342405443506552606
turned22677049012879148195264327396
into26997049012878148187257
them.29917049012878148211320353
Thus,337970490128126195266321356
Shangdi38137048012870140209280350420459
was430870490128141203257
not460170490128108179217
only485470490128109179218289
the51767049012878149211
supreme5677291012855125195242304414474
deity,10767291012885148186225296329
but14407291012885155194
was168472910128101163218
also19377291012878116170241
considered22127291012878147217271310380443489551621
the28687291012854124186
ancestor30897291012877146209271325364434481
and36057291012877147216
patron38577291012884147185232301371
saint42637291012869131169240278
of45777291012884131
the47427291012854124187
ancient49647291012876146208247310379418
Chinese.5677532012894164203273336389452487
According110175320128101163224294341410449520589
to17267532012849119
myths,189275320128109178215286341376
he23037532012881144
was249375320128102163217
the27447532012851121183
ancestor29637532012872142205268321361430477
of34747532012882128
one36377532012881152213
of38857532012881128
the40487532012850119181
Chinese42767532012894163202272334388451
tribes.4762753201284996134205268321357
The51547532012897165228