271
Advantages18516060143115204284364453506586666738800
and2691606014379169257
disadvantages2988606014389134196276366445526615668748828899961
of3989606014380134
screening4162606014362133204275345434478567647
The1134873012886155218
advantages13878730128138208278340410449512581644697
of21208730128145192
screening23468730128130193239302364433473542612
are29938730128138185247
early32758730128138200247285356
detection36648730128145208251313376415453523593
and42938730128137207277
less46068730128113174229284
traumatic49268730128113160222291401461500539602
(economically8511115012847109171242311381491527590652691731802
less16861115012864126181236
expensive)19581115012887156227288358413452522584631
treatment26241115012863110173235273383443513552
at32121115012887126
an33731115012887158
early35661115012886149195234305
stage39041115012880119182251314
of42531115012894141
the44291115012863133196
disease,46601115012894132187250311366429464
which515911150128126196234296365
theoretically8511356012839110172241289351389427490552590630700
will158713560128101140179218
allow18411356012863102141211312
to21871356012841112
cure23351356012864133180242
and/or26131356012864133203242312359
prevent30071356012871118181250312382421
the34641356012840109172
development36711356012871134204266305375444554614684724
of44301356012872119
complications45851356012864133243310350389452514552592661731786
of54071356012870117
the8511597012839110172
disease,10571597012870109164227288342405440
increase15331597012837107170216278341394457
life2025159701283977124187
expectancy,22471597012862131202264326365427497560630663
improve29451597012839149216264334405467
the34471597012839109172
quality36521597012870141203242280320390
of40761597012870117
life4228159701283977124190
[8,9].44531597012847116151221269303
The11341839012886155218
disadvantages13871839012896135190253322391454523563625695757811
of22331839012897143
screening24111839012880143190252315384422493563
are30091839012888135197
unjustified32421839012895165205273327367405452491553623
complacency39011839012888157267335374437499562631694764
of46981839012897144
individuals48771839012865134204244313353422492555594648
with85120810128101140179249
false-negative11352081012883145184238301348417480549612650689759822
results,19922081012882143198269307346401436
anxiety24632081012898167238276339377447
and29442081012898168239
sometimes32182081012889160269329368408517577632
the38862081012874145208
development412920810128104167236299338408478588648718758
of492220810128105152
mental510920810128145205275315377415
disorders8512322012870110164233281351412459514
in13992322012845115
individuals15492322012844114184222293331401472533572628
with221723220128101140178249
false-positive25002322012853115153208271318388458513552590630699761
results,32962322012852115168239277317371406
a37372322012868
longer38392322012845114184255317363
period42372322012875137184222293362
of46352322012874121
awareness47922322012866168229276339408470525579
of54072322012874120
the8512564012839110172
disease10572564012883121175238300354416
by15092564012880151
a16932564012874
person,18022564012882145191245314385421
excessive22582564012872142204266321375414484547
treatment2839256401285198159221260370430500540
of34132564012882129
controversial35762564012874144214253300369439502548602641704742
cases43532564012874136190252307
of46952564012881129
the48572564012851121183
disease,50742564012882121176237300354416451
the8512805012839110172
danger10592805012872134204273336383
of14772805012872119
harm16312805012873135182291
to19552805012842113
health21032805012874137199237276346
by24842805012873143
some26602805012858129239299
screening29942805012857120167229292362402471541
tests,35702805012843105159197252288
significant3893280501285696165235275322360422485554592
costs45202805012865136191229283
of48392805012873119
resources49942805012849112166236306353415476530
of8513047012870117
the10033047012843112175
healthcare12133047012874136199237275346409470516579
system18273047012858129181221283393
[7].22533047012850122169203
One249530470128101171234
of27643047012873120
the29203047012842112175
problems31303047012874120189260298361470522
with369130470128101140179250
screening39773047012857120166228290360399469538
is4551304701284297
that46843047012842112174212
there49323047012842112174221284
is5251304701284296
no53833047012873143
evidence8513288012862133172242305374437499
of13853288012872120
its1540328801284180134
effectiveness17103288012865112158220282320360430492561624679733
in24783288012841112
many262932880128109169239310
diseases29723288012874113168231293347409464
at34723288012864103
the36103288012841112174
population38193288012873143213283322385422462532601
level.44563288012841103174235274310
A480432880128101
number49403288012872143252320383430
of54053288012873119
other8513530012870110179242289
studies1175353001286099169239278340395
have16053530012876139208271
pointed19113530012876146185255294357426
out23723530012877147185
the25933530012846115178
weak281335300128101163225295
evidence31433530012869138177247310379442503
of36813530012877124
the38413530012844114177
effectiveness40533530012869116161224286324363433495565628681737
of48253530012876123
screening49833530012860123170232294364402472541
for8513771012847117164
many105737710128109169239311
forms14023771012853123171281333
of17713771012877124
cancer19303771012869131202264327374
[8].23393771012853124172206
However,258637710128102171273335405468515550
there31713771012846116178225287
are34933771012869116178
still37073771012861101139177217
problems39593771012877125194263303365474526
at45223771012869108
both46653771012877148186257
the49583771012845115178
global51713771012876115185255317355
and8514013012862133202
individual10894013012858127197236306344415485548586
levels,17104013012857120189252291345379
as21244013012881136
not22954013012888158197
everyone25274013012881150213259330398469531
who309440130128120188259
should33874013012874143213284322392
be38144013012888151
screened40004013012872135182244305376438508
actually45434013012881144181251314352391462
does50384013012889160221276
so,53494013012873143177
and8514255012862133202
the10894255012855125188
proportion13124255012885132201271342389427466536605
of19534255012885131
people21204255012886149218288327390
who256042550128102171241
are28364255012879126188
screened30584255012871134180241303374436506
varies35994255012885148195233296349
significantly39844255012871109179249288335373436497567607645716
depending47334255012887149220281352421460530600
on53694255012885155
their8514496012839110172210257
socioeconomic11444496012860129192231301364425495565634744781843
status20224496012862101164202272327
(people23844496012853123186255324364426
with285244960128101140178249
lower31354496012846116216278325
socioeconomic34954496012862131194233303365428497566637747783846
status43764496012862100162201272326
are47374496012868115177
less49494496012845108161216
likely5201449601284583154216254325
to8514737012839110
participate9964737012876138185224262325363433495534597
in16284737012843114
screening).17774737012861123169231294363402474544591626
The24434737012886156219
results26974737012852114169239278317371
of31034737012876123
a32614737012868
screening33644737012861123170232295364403473543
program39424737012876123192263310371480
also44564737012870109164233
depend47254737012876138207270339409
on51694737012876147
the53514737012844113175
type8514978012839110178241
of112749780128111158
program132049780128110158227296343406515
and186849780128102173243
the21474978012879149212
effectiveness239449780128102149196257320359397467530600662716770
of320049780128109156
its33914978012880118173
implementation.36004978012878188256295358467527597637700739777848917953
The458849780128126195258
higher488149780128110149219289351398
the53144978012879149211
proportion8515221012870117188257327374412451521592
of14785221012899146
individuals16595221012869138209247317356426497559598652
in23465221012869138
a25205221012892
society26475221012884155217256318356427
who310752210128131202272
do34155221012899169
not36205221012898169207
participate386352210128100162208247286348386457520558619
in45175221012869140
screening46925221012884146193255318387426496566
and52935221012892161231
subsequent8515462012855125195249312382452514583622
treatment,1508546201283986148211249359419489529564
and21075462012863133203
the23445462012840110172
poorer25525462012870139210256318365
the29525462012839108171
organization31585462012871120189252321360423484523562632702
of38945462012871119
the40475462012839109172
program42535462012871117187257304366475
itself,4761546201284079133196235282317
the51125462012840109172
less53185462012840102155209
likely851570301283978148211249319
it1204570301285595
is13345703012856110
that14795703012854125188226
the17405703012854125187
population19625703012886156227296335398437475545615
program26135703012885132201271318381490
will315257030128101141180219
achieve34065703012879141210249312382444
the38855703012855125188
same41085703012869132241301
results44455703012863125180249289327382
as48625703012879133
the50315703012854124186
pilot52535703012885124163232271
randomized8515944012847109179249320429466529591661
studies.1548594401285392162232271334387423