305
different851596012870110157202265312374443483
countries1368596012863134204273313360398461514
and1918596012863132201
depends2155596012870132203265335404459
on2649596012871141
the2825596012839109172
healthcare3031596012870133195233272342405466513576
system,3642596012854125178217280389422
the4099596012839110173
type4307596012840110179240
of4582596012872119
insurance4736596012839108163233280342411474537
(the530759601284786156218
scope851839012855117188257320
of1206839012889136
medical13778390128130189260299362424462
care1875839012882144191253
under2163839012890161230293340
the2538839012858128190
insurance2763839012859129184254301363432495556
program),3354839012890138207277325386495539574
the3964839012858129192
patient's4191839012890153192230293362402427481
age,4707839012882151214249
and4991839012882153222
their5249839012859128191229275
status851108001285594157195264319
(working,12061080012847148216263334372442512548
place17871080012870110173234295
of21171080012870117
work,226910800128102171219288323
or26271080012870117
retired).27791080012847108147185232295364411446
For11341321012878148195
example:13651321012864133196305373412475513
medical191513210128110170240279342404442
examination23921321012864134197306343414477514554624693
(the3121132101284886157220
first3375132101284887134188227
stage)3637132101285795158227290337
of40081321012872119
the41611321012841115178
population43741321012871140211281319382420459529599
in50081321012841111
Russia51561321012894163217272310373
[1,8511563012847117153
6],10381563012870118152
private12241563012870118157226289327390
health16491563012870131194232271341
insurance20251563012839109164233280343412475537
programs25961563012870117186257304365474527
in31581563012839109
many330315630128109169239310
countries36481563012862132202272312359397460513
of41971563012870117
the43491563012838108170
world455415630128102171218257327
[9].49161563012847121168202
According113418050128101163225296343412452521591
to17601805012865136
the19301805012867136199
mechanism216418050128137197259329392461501555664
of28611805012897144
inclusion30401805012867136199237308362400471540
in36151805012866136
the37861805012865136199
examination,40191805012889158221330367437500539578648718753
screening48061805012882144191252315385424493564
is54041805012867121
voluntary,8512046012870141179249320358421468538571
opportunistic,14572046012870141211281328366435506545600638678740775
and22672046012862131201
forced25042046012846116163225287357
(compulsory).28972046012847108178288355426465520589636707752787
Voluntary11342287012886155195265335374443498561
screening.17292287012866128183245307377415486556591
An236722870128101171
invitation25742287012849120189228267330368407477547
to31562287012850119
screening33112287012865128174237298368408478547
is38942287012849104
an40332287012874143
individual42112287012850120190229299337408478540578
invitation48252287012849120190229267330368408477547
to54072287012850119
individuals8512529012839110179219288327397467530568623
who151325290128101169240
are17882529012866113174
indicated19972529012842112183221284346384447516
to25482529012843112
undergo26962529012873143213275322391462
a31932529012866
test32932529012842105159198
for35262529012850121168
a37292529012866
specific38302529012856127189251290336375438
disease43032529012872112166228290345407
in47462529012841111
accordance48932529012865128189259306375438507570631
with85127710128101140179249
a11352771012889
national/regional12592771012896159197236306376438477516563625694734803873936975
screening22692771012880142189251313383422492562
program.28662771012896143213283330392500534
It34352771012873112
is35822771012865120
also37382771012888127182252
possible40252771012896166220275314384423484
to45452771012865135
self-apply47162771012880142181228281342412482520591
for53402771012873143190
screening8513012012855117164226289358396467537
when142330120128119189252321
the17793012012856126189
possibility20033012012887157211265305375414452491530601
of26373012012888135
screening28073012012875138185246309379417487558
is34003012012856111
created35463012012879126188250288351420
at40023012012880119
the41563012012856126188
national43793012012888151190228298369430469
or48843012012887134
regional50533012012864126195235305374436474
level8513254012839102172234273
and11593254012886155226
information14203254012862132179249296405465504544613683
about21393254012886156225295334
screening25093254012878140187249311381420490559
is31043254012862117
provided32553254012894141211281320390453522
through38123254012863133180249319389459
the43063254012863133194
media,453532540128134194265304367402
including49723254012862132195234304373413482552
specialized8513495012855125188249288351389427490552622
Internet15083495012847117155218265334397434
sites.1978349501285593131194248284
Opportunistic113437370128101171242311366405474545584639677715778
screening19473737012871134188250313382420491561
involves25613737012839109179249288358421474
conducting30713737012879149218288359421459498568638
various37453737012886149196234303374428
tests42083737012856119172212266
(examinations)45093737012864126196258368405475538576615685756810857
to54003737012856126
identify8513978012839110172241280319367437
a13213978012875
disease14313978012882122176239301354417
or18833978012882129
risk2047397801285998155225
factors23073978012860121183222292339392
when274839780128101169232302
a30853978012875
person31953978012882144191245315385
seeks36153978012867130191262316
any39663978012875144215
medical422839780128109169240279342404442
care47063978012875137184245
or49863978012882129
advice51503978012876145214254315377
from851422001284794164273
a11574220012863
specialist.12554220012854124187249288350389428483521557
For11344461012878148195
example:13654461012881150213322390429492530
measurement194944610128109169232286357404465576636706745
of27304461012888135
blood29004461012888126197266336
pressure,32724461012887135197251306375422485520
glucose38274461012887127197259328382445
levels,43074461012857120189252291345380
gynecological47224461012888158227290352422461531601639702765802
examinations8514702012862133195305341412475514552622692747
for16334702012873143190
women,185847020128128196305366436472
and23654702012888158229
chest26294702012889158220275314
X-rays297847020128127176223285354407
when342147020128127197259330
seeking37864702012881144206276315384455
medical427747020128135195266306368430469
care47814702012888151197259
for50754702012873143190
any53004702012889158228
disease8514945012870110164226289342405
or12904945012870117
condition.14424945012863133202272311350389459528564
Forced11345186012886155210273336405
(compulsory)157451860128128190259361431500540594663719781827
screening243651860128135197252315376446485555625
is3178518601283993
a330751860128142
mandatory348451860128189250321391454492563610680
medical419751860128191251321361423486525
examination475651860128143213276385422492555594632702772
conducted8515427012862133202273342405443506575
at14615427012863102
the15985427012838108171
request18045427012847108178248310364404
of22425427012870117
an23945427012863131
employer25615427012862172239278349420480527
before31235427012870133179249296359
hiring35155427012870110157195265335
a38865427012862
candidate39835427012862123193263301372435473535
for45535427012846117163
a47525427012862
job.48495427012839108178213
Often,113456680128101148187249320355
screening15245668012853116163225287357395466535
for20955668012847115162
specific22935668012854124186249287334373435
diseases/risk27635668012870108163225287342404458497544583637707
factors35055668012847108170209279326381
is3921566801283893
difficult40485668012870109156202241303373412451
to45355668012837108
categorize.46785668012861122161224293364411449512574609
For11345911012878148195
example,13655911012866135198307375415477512
the19135911012841112175
American212659110128102210271318357420482551
Association271759110128102154209279342380443482520590660
of34125911012874122
Endocrinologists'35725911012886155226296358405443513583622692762800856894949975
recommendation45815911012851113175245354462523593664727766804874944
for8516152012847117164
screening10506152012870133180242304374412483552
for16386152012863132179
dyslipidemia18526152012887158210249288358397467530639676738
in26266152012855125
all27866152012879118156
adults29786152012879148218257295349
with336361520128118156196265
diabetes36646152012885125186257319357420474
can41736152012879141210
be44196152012885148
considered46026152012879148219273311382444490552623
both52606152012886155195264
selective8516393012855117156218281320358428490
and137763930128105175245
opportunistic165763930128112182252323369408478548587641680719781
[2].24736393012890160208242
In27506393012889159
Australia,294563930128144213268307353416455493556591
the35716393012882151214
Medicare382063930128168230299339401463509572
Benefits442763930128135197268330377415453509
Schedule497163930128121183252315384455493555
(MBS)8516635012847172265343390
combines12766635012872141250318358428491544
several18566635012863125194256303365404
types22986635012847117186248303
of26376635012878125
screening27976635012863126172235296366405474544
with338666350128101139178249
preventive36696635012879127188258321390428468538600
measures.431466350128109169231286357403465520555
Depending491366350128102163233295364434473543613
on8516877012870141
the10276877012841111174
scope12366877012856119189259322
of15936877012872119
the17476877012841111174
examination19566877012865134197306343414476515554625694
(the2686687701285088157220
simplest2941687701285896206274313376431469
20-minute34466877012872143193302339410480520581
screening40636877012857120166228290360398469538
questionnaire,46376877012872143204259298337407476547609648695757792
a54646877012865
detailed8517118012870133172234273311374443
doctor's133071180128103174236274344391416471
examination,18357118012897166229337374444507546586655726761
a26317118012897
doctor's276271180128104174237275345392417471
examination32687118012897167230339376446509547586656726
followed40297118012881150190228299401461531
by459671180128103174
tests,48037118012874136191230285320
and51587118012895166235
a54297118012895
doctor's8517359012870141203242311358384437
examination13247359012881150213322358429492531569640710
with206873590128120159198268
an23717359012882151
individualized25577359012858128197237306345415485548588628691752822
disease34157359012887127181244306359422
and38727359012881151220
complication41287359012881150260327367406469530569608678748
prevention49127359012887134197266329398437476545615
plan),8517600012870110172241289324
the12107600012867137199
time14447600012868107217277
requirements17567600012876139209279318364427536596666706761
vary25527600012899162208278
(less28647600012876115178232287
than31867600012868137200269
3034917600012898169
minutes,369476000128139176246317356419473508
30-4542377600012899168221290360
minutes,463276000128139175246317356418473508
45-6051757600012899168217286355