303
Tetanus851601012694156203273352430483
Definition8518410126101163210249328367413452521600
of1486841012678126
the1647841012655133194
Concept.18848410126102171249311374452498534
Tetanus2460841012694156203272351429483
is297983901283893
an3107839012871140
acute3281839012870133203243304
infectious3620839012848117164227289327367436506561
disease4216839012877117171234295349412
from4663839012855102171281
the4976839012847118181
group5192839012878125195265335
of8511080012870117
saprozoonoses100310800128147210279326395458527598667737792854908
with194710800128192230270340
a232210800128154
contact251210800128154224294332395457495
mechanism304310800128201262324394457526565620730
of380510800128162210
pathogen405010800128162225264333403473535604
transmission,469010800128131178240310364473510565620659729799834
characterized8511321012862133195242305366405468513552615676747
by16331321012878149
muscle182413210128110177232295334397
hypertonia22561321012878149217280327366436505545606
and28971321012871141211
attacks31431321012871110148211273342397
of35761321012878124
generalized37351321012878141210273320382420460521588658
convulsions44291321012869139209280349389443481552622676
caused51401321012870133203257320389
by8511563012870141
the10251563012839109172
action12321563012863125164203272343
of16091563012870117
the17611563012839109171
pathogen's19661563012870132171242311381444513538593
toxin25951563012837108177216286
[9].29171563012847118165199
Etiology.8511807012694140179249289358429498534
The14201805012886155218
causative16731805012869132201255318356395465527
agent22361805012869139201271309
of25811805012877124
tetanus,27401805012845108147208279348402438
Clostridium32191805012894133204258296343382452491561671
tetani,39221805012846109148211281319355
belongs43121805012877139178248318387442
to47901805012845115
the49411805012844115178
family51541805012854116225262301372
Bacillaceae,8512046012894156218257296335397459522584646682
genus15682046012893156226296350
Clostridium.195420460128118156226280320366405475514584693726
It27152046012871110
is28612046012864119
a30152046012887
rod-shaped31372046012872142212262317386449518581650
bacterium,38232046012894157218257320366405474584617
4–844752046012896168238
μm474820460128101210
long49912046012864134205275
and53012046012887157227
0.4–0.68512287012870106176245316352420
μm13072287012896205
in15452287012860131
diameter,17112287012892130193302362401464511546
with229222870128122161199269
rounded25962287012870139209279349411480
ends;31122287012883153222277316
it3463228701285999
is35962287012860114
motile374622870128130198238277316378
and,41592287012884153223258
in44522287012859130
the46162287012860130193
presence48442287012890137200253316385448510
of53882287012892139
oxygen,8512529012870141211280343412447
forms13332529012850120167277329
a16972529012866
round17982529012850120191261330
spore21642529012858127198244306
located25052529012843112175237275338407
terminally,29482529012842105152261297368431470508579612
which359825290128101171211273343
gives39772529012872112181244298
it4310252901284281
the44262529012843112175
appearance46362529012866135205268329376439508570633
of53042529012872119
a54592529012865
drumstick.8512771012870117188297350389429490560596
It1482277101284684
is1602277101283993
an17302771012862133
anaerobe.18982771012861131193255302372442505540
It851301201284786
is9723012012888143
an115130120128111181
inhabitant13663012012889159230291362400440501572610
of201230120128118166
the22133012012888158220
intestines24683012012889159197260315353392462525578
of308230120128119166
humans328230120128120190299359430485
and380230120128113183253
animals,409030120128111181220329390430485520
persisting464530120128119182228282320375414453523593
and527330120128112181251
multiplying85132540128109177216256295366404475512583654
without154032540128132169209278350420459
causing20343254012892155225279319388458
harm252732540128101164210319
to28793254012869140
the30553254012869140203
host.329232540128101171225265300
The362732540128117185248
highest391032540128101139209280343396434
contamination43803254012893162233271334443480551613652691760831
with524732540128132169208278
tetanus8513495012839102141203273342396
bacillus12833495012889152214252291330400455
is17733495012858112
observed19213495012889158213276322392455524
in24803495012858128
agricultural26433495012881152198237300369407447516563625664
areas33423495012881128190253306
with368434950128120159198268
sufficient39873495012874143190237275338377439508547
humidity,45703495012889158268305375415453524557
where516234950128120190252299362
soil8513737012855125164203
is10903737012862117
contaminated12433737012887156226265328437474544607645708777
with205437370128126165204275
feces.23653737012871133195257311347
In27473737012871141
the29233737012864133196
presence31543737012894141204257320390452514
of37033737012895142
oxygen38813737012893164235303366435
and43513737012887158227
at46143737012887126
temperatures47753737012864126235303366412475514585632693748
below8513978012870133172242343
4°C,12293978012873130224259
it1522397801284381
forms16393978012851120167277329
spores20033978012859129199247308362
that24003978012843113176214
are26493978012867116177
resistant28623978012851113166205260298361430470
to33663978012844113
external35153978012865136174237284353415453
influences.40043978012842113160198267330400462524579615
They46583978012886154217287
withstand498339780128101140179250304342405474544
heating8514220012870133195233273342412
up12984220012876147
to14804220012844114
90°C16304220012874145201294
for19594220012853122169
221634220012876
hours,22754220012875145215262317352
die26624220012876114177
when287942200128102172234303
boiled32184220012874145184223285355
after36094220012868114152215262
1-339064220012875127197
hours,41394220012874145214262315350
withstand452942200128101140179250304343406475545
heating51094220012876139201239278348418
up8514461012870141
to10264461012850119
15°C11814461012879150205299
in15154461012849119
a16694461012873
dry17774461012879126196
state,20074461012865104167206268303
and23454461012873142212
live2593446101284886157219
in28474461012849119
sea30024461012863126188
water323344610128102164203265312
for35804461012858127174
up37894461012879149
to39734461012849119
641284461012879
months.425344610128109177248287357411446
In47344461012857128
excrement,48964461012873142205251314423483553593628
soil,8514702012855125164203239
and11234702012868137208
on13654702012876146
objects,15454702012876146185247309348403438
they20184702012843113176246
persist22974702012876139186239279333372
for27044702012852121168
more291547020128110178225287
than32374702012844113176245
1035184702012874145
years.36974702012876137199246300336
In40684702012852121
the42254702012843113175
absence44364702012868137192254323386447
of49194702012874121
oxygen,50754702012875145215284346417452
at8514945012862101
a9884945012873
temperature10964945012848111220288351397460499568616678
of18094945012880127
37°C19714945012879149206299
and23054945012872142212
sufficient25524945012864135182228267329367430499539
humidity,31254945012881150259296366406445516549
the37094945012849120183
spores39274945012864134204251313367
germinate43294945012880142188298335406469508569
into49334945012850119158229
a51974945012872
less53044945012849111165220
stable851518601285594157226264327
vegetative12135186012881144213275313376414453523586
form.18345186012857127173282315
Being21955186012893156195265336
excreted25665186012873143205252314352415485
in30875186012848119
the32405186012850120183
feces34585186012857120182244298
of37915186012881128
herbivores39545186012880142189258298367437483546600
and45905186012873143212
entering48385186012873142181244291329398469
the53425186012849119182
soil,8515427012855125164203239
Cl.11295427012893131167
tetani13315427012843106145207277315
soon16825427012859128199269
turns19865427012844113160231285
into23065427012843113153222
spores,25645427012859128198245307361397
which300054270128101171214275346
begin33815427012875138207245316
to37325427012844113
germinate38815427012874136183292329399462501563
only44795427012875145184254
after47675427012866113152215262
entering50645427012867137177238285324394463
a8515668012862
wound94856680128102171242311382
in13665668012837107
the15085668012839108171
presence17145668012871117179233296365428490
of22385668012870118
anaerobic23915668012862132194256303372443481544
conditions29705668012862131202271311349389458528583
[9].35895668012846118165199
Cl.8515911012894133168
tetani10545911012864127166227298336
produces14265911012894142211281351414476530
toxins:19915911012864133204243312367406
tetanospasmin24325911012864127165227298367421492554608718755825
and32925911012888158228
tetanolysin:35565911012863126164227296366405475528568638677
Tetanospasminis429859130126941562022723504194745536226767938319095243591101283994
an53725911012887158
extremely8516152012862133172218281390450489559
potent14456152012871142181244313351
neurotoxin18326152012871133203249319359428498537607
that24746152012840110173210
causes27206152012863125194249312366
muscle312261520128109178233296334397
spasms.35546152012854125188241351403439
Tetanus40286152012886148187249320389443
toxin45076152012840109180218289
is4831615201284094
one49616152012870140203
of51996152012871118
the53526152012839109179
strongest851639301285594141210280351412467505
natural13926393012887149188258305368405
neurotropic18336393012887149218265335374421491560600662
poisons,25306393012886157195251320390445480
second30456393012871134196265336406
in34866393012855126
potency36476393012887157196258327390460
only41416393012887158197267
to44416393012858129
the46056393012856126188
toxin48286393012856126196235305
of51686393012887135
the53376393012856126188
botulinum8516635012870141179249288327397467577
bacillus.14606635012871133195235274313382437473
Tetanolysinhas1969663701269415520127235041945952858262270027036635012870133186
hemolytic29256635012870133242310349419456496558
and35186635012863133203
cardiotoxic37576635012862123170240279348388458527567629
effects44216635012863108155217280319373
[9].48316635012847116163197