430
Option639593010893160201234294361
A:1035593010886126
1001161591011060120180
laboratory137159101103689149209249302334394434497
rats189659101104396128175
under2101591011063123183236275
standard240659101104982136196256309348408
conditions,2844591011056115175235270303337397457503533
probability3407591011063103163223276335369402436469531
of3966591011060100
obtaining4096591011062122156209243303336397457
significant458259101104982142201234274308361415475508
results512059101104296142202235268315
–5465591011066
80%.639729011060120220250
Total916729011074125158212245
cost1191729011053113159193
of1414729011060100
the154472901103393146
study172072901104780140202263
–2012729011060
500,0002102729011060120180210270330390
rubles.2522729011040100160193246293323
Option639869010893160201234294361
B:1039869010880121
501159867011060120
laboratory130986701103993153213252305338398438499
rats1836867011047100132179
in2045867011040100
improved2175867011039133193233293353406465
conditions,2670867011059119179239272306339401461507537
modern3243867011094154214267307366
animal3639867011060119152246299332
monitoring,4007867011094154214248282342382416476536564
75%4601867011066126226
probability4857867011066107167227280339372406439473534
of5419867011067107
obtaining6391005011060120153207240300333393453
significant1121100501104780140200233274308361414473506
results.1657100501104095141201235269316346
Total20311005011073124158211244
cost23051005011054113160193
of25281005011060100
the2658100501103393147
study:2835100501104680140200260291
700,00031571005011060120180210270330390
rubles.35771005011040100160193246293323
Option6391145010893160201234294361
B:103011450108125166
1011951143011060120
laboratory13451143011076130190250290342375435475536
rats,19091143011084138171218248
a21871143011096
computer23131143011096156249309369402456496
model283911430110136197258312345
for32141143011083143183
preliminary342611430110103143196229262356389450503542604
testing,40581143011076130176211244304364393
cell44811143011097149182216
culture47271143011096156189223283323377
testing,51331143011077130177210244304364393
probability6391281011060100160220273332366399433466528
of11941281011060100
obtaining13241281011060120153207240300333393455
significant1807128101104782142201234274307361414473506
results2343128101104295141201234268315
–26881281011061
70%.27791281011060120220250
Total30571281011074125159212245
cost33321281011054113160193
of35551281011060100
the3685128101103393147
study3862128101104680140200261
–41521281011060
700,00042421281011060120180210270330390
rubles.46621281011040100160193246293323
Task:6391419011073118164224258
Evaluate9271419011073133186220280333366419
each13761419011053107160219
option16251419011060120154187249309
using19641419011060106140200260
the2253141901103393146
"three2429141901105082142182236289
Rs"27481419011080127176
rule.29531419011040101134187217
Answer31931419011087147193280333373
the3596141901103494147
following37721419011040100134167227314347407468
questions:42691419011060120173220253286347407453487
1.639155701106090
What75915570110141201255288
will107715570110114147181214
influence13211557011061121161194254308367421473
the18241557011061122175
choice20291557011081140200234287340
of23981557011088128
research25561557011067121167220274314367426
method301215570110122176209269329389
(scientific34311557011067114167200253313347380420453507
significance,39671557011074108168227260300335388441500554606636
reliability,46331557011069122154188241301334368401435496517
ethical51801557011080113173207260313347
standards)?639169501104780133193253307346406453493545
2.639183301106090
What75718330110113173227260
factor1047183301104093146178238278
will13551833011087120153187
be15721833011060113
decisive?17151833011060114167200247280341394447
Task6392111010880130176243
7.9122111010881111
Review10232109011080134193226280366
the14192109011050110163
special16122109011063123177230263317350
provisions19922109011077117177237270317350410470517
for25392109011057117157
the27262109011050110163
protection29192109011077118179212265318351384445505
of34542109011077116
vulnerable36002109011077137170230285324378437470523
groups41542109011078118178238298344
of45282109011077117
research46752109011058111157210264303357417
subjects51222109011063123183217270324358405
contained6392247011053113173206259293353406466
in1135224701103595
the1260224701103696149
WMA144022470110114221307
Declaration17722247011087141194227280320374407440500560
of23622247011063103
Helsinki.24982247011087140173219253313373407437
Explain29672247011073133194228281314374
the3371224701103595148
restrictions3549224701104295141174214248301334368428488534
placed4114224701106295149202255314
on44582247011062122
the4610224701103696149
participation47892247011062116155188222275308368421455488548608
of54272247011063102
such6392385011047107160220
groups88923850110104143203263323369
in12882385011078138
biomedical145623850110104138198291345404437491544577
experiments20632385011097157218271311344438491550584631
as27242385011097144
prisoners,289823850110104144177223283343396436482512
orphans,344023850110104144204264318377423453
and39232385011098158218
conscripts.41712385011097158218264318357391451484531561
What476223850110156217270303
kind509523850110105138198258
of538323850110104143
vulnerability,6392524011060120153213267307359419452486519553614635
other130425240110115148208261301
than16352524011088148203263
physical192825240110115175236281314367422454
vulnerability,241225240110116176209269322362415475508541575608670690
may313325240110149202264
be342525240110115168
considered362425240110108168228274308368421461515574
for42292524011095155195
biomedical445425240110115148208301355415448501554587
research50712524011097150196249303342396456
participants?6392662011060113153186219273306366419479512559612
Task6392940010880130176243
8.912294001086090
Group10622938011087127186246306
discussion1398293801106093140194253300346380440499
In639307601104098
1932,7683076011096156216276306
the11043076011070130183
US131730760110122189
Public153630760110103163223256290343
Health190930760110122176229262296356
Service229530760110103156196256289342395
recruited27203076011077130183223283316351404464
39932143076011095155215
African-American345930760110123163202236290343402446533626679719752805859919
men440830760110129182242
with468030760110122156189249
syphilis49593076011083145203263296330363410
in53993076011070130
Tuskegee,6393214011073128175235288349401455485
promising11543214011097137197290323370403464525
them17083214011070130185278
free20163214011077117170223
treatment.22703214011070110163216249342396456489519
In28203214011078137
reality,29873214011078132185218251285346367
the33843214011070130183
scientists35983214011084137170224284317350397431477
were410532140110124178219272
simply44063214011084118211271305366
observing48003214011098158205258299359392452512
the53423214011070130185
progression6393352011060100160220260312359405439499559
of12283352011068108
the13663352011042102155
disease.15513352011068101148201255302355385
Even19663352011081141194254
after22503352011061102135189228
penicillin,25083352011069123182215270303336370403464494
an30323352011061121
effective31833352011061101139193245278311372425
treatment3637335201104282136189222315369428462
for41293352011048108149
syphilis,43083352011055116173233267300334380410
was47573352011087140186
invented49733352011042102162215275308362421
in54243352011043103
the639349001103393147
1940s,8163490011065125185245292322
the1168349001103999153
researchers1351349001104598144198251290343402457496544
continued19253490011059118178212245306366419478
to24333490011040100
conceal25633490011059119179232285337370
this29633490011040100133180
from3173349001104686145239
the3442349001103999152
participants,36243490011066119159192226279312372425485519565595
subjecting42493490011052112172205259311344378438498
them4776349001103999152246
to5052349001103999
painful51813490011066119152212252312345
procedures6393628011060100160213266325385425479525
for11943628011046106147
the1371362801103999152
sake15533628011052107166220
of18023628011067107
observation.19393628011066126173226265325379412446506566596
The25713628011073133186
study2787362801105286146206267
lasted3082362801104094140174228288
4034003628011065125
years35553628011069120174213260
until38453628011065125159192226
a41013628011059
journalist41913628011040100160200260313346380427460
exposed46813628011059119180244291344404
the5115362801103999152
truth5297362801103979140173233
in639376601103393
1972,7623766011060120180240270
sparking10623766011047107161200260293353413
an15043766011054114
international1648376601103393127180221281334367400460520574607
scandal.22853766011046100153212272327359389
Answer6393904011087147193280333372
the1041390401103494147
questions:12173904011060120175221254288348408455488
1.819404201106090
How9994042011087147233
would12624042011086146206240300
you15924042011061118178
formulate18004042011042102141234294327381414469
the2298404201103393147
main24754042011093146179239
ethical2744404201105487147180234287319
conflict30934042011054114174215248281335369
of34924042011060100
this3622404201103393126173
medical38254042011094147207240294346379
experiment?42344042011054114174228267301394447507540593
2.819418001106090
What99941800110113174227260
made13054180011093146206260
the15944180011049109162
experiment17864180011069128189242282315409463523556
participants23724180011076129169202235289322382435495528575
vulnerable29774180011075135169229282323376435470523
to35304180011049109
discrimination36694180011075109155209249282375409469522555589649709
and44084180011069128188
violations46274180011076109169202256289322383443489
of51464180011076116
their52924180011048108162195235
rights999431801104073133192225272
and13014318011054113173
human15044318011060120214267327
dignity?1861431801106093154213246280343395
3.819445601106090
Assess9994456011087133180233279326
the13554456011054114167
actions15524456011074128160194254314361
of19434456011080120
the20934456011053113168
researchers22914456011060113159213266306360419472512559
in28804456011053113
terms30234456011054109148241288
of33414456011080121
modern349244560110114174234287327386
ethical39084456011075108168201255308341
standards42794456011067100153213273327367428475
for47844456011060120160
conducting49734456011074133193253313368400434494554
research999459401104093139192245286339398
on14274594011060120
vulnerable15774594011060120154214267308361420454507
populations.21144594011060121181241274327361394454514561591
Task6394873010880130176243
9.9124873010878108
The10204871011073133187
thalidomide12364871011048108161194228288348441475535588
tragedy1853487101104787140201253313375
was22714871011087140186
caused24874871011069121181228281341
by28594871011074136
the30234871011049109162
lack32154871011047101154213
of34584871011074115
proper36034871011074114174234288328
teratogenicity39614871011047100141194227287348400460493548581614676
testing.46644871011048103149182215276336365
The50594871011087147202
drug52904871011074114174235
passed6395031011060113159206259319
all988503101105891124
the1143503101103898151
required1324503101104599158218251291345404
preclinical17585031011065105159212244278338371425478511
trials2299503101103878111165198244
at2573503101105991
the2694503101103999152
time,2876503101103871165219249
yet31555031011066117151
it3336503101103871
became34385031011064118170223316371
the3838503101103898152
cause40205031011057111171217272
of43215031011065105
one44565031011064124178
of46635031011065105
the4799503101103898151
most49845031011094154200234
tragic5248503101103878131192225279
pharmaceutical6395192011060120173213306359412466525559592646699732
errors14015192011060101141200240287
in17185192011040100
history.18485192011068102148182242282343362
What224751920110113174227260
conclusions25375192011062121181235268328374408468528575
can31425192011060113173
be33455192011067120
drawn34955192011067108161247307
from3832519201104888147240
the41025192011041101154
fact42875192011047100153186
that45035192011040100154187
thalidomide47205192011041101154187221281341434468528581
was53385192011086140188
safe6395350011047100140193
for8615350011040100141
laboratory1032535001103386146206246299331391433495
animals?15545350011054113146240293327374426
Is2012535001104084
it2126535001103467
possible22235350011060120167214247307341394
to2647535001103393
completely27705350011054113207267300354386440473534
eliminate3332535001105489122216249310363396449
the3811535001103393147
use39875350011060107160
of41775350011060100
animals43075350011054113147240294327373
in4710535001103494
research?4834535001104093139192245286339398452
SELF-CHECK25266009010867147227301340426520600687780
TEST33326009010881161228308
The6396280011073133187
main8556280011093147180240
document11256280011060120173233326379439473
regulating1628628001104094154213248301334368428488
the2145628001103393146
ethical2321628001105486146180233287320
standards2671628001104780134193253307346407453
of31546280011060100
biomedical3284628001106094154247300360394447500533
research:3847628001104093139194246286340400434
1.819641801106090
Geneva9996418011087140199252312365
Convention13946418011080140200260314374407441501561
2.819655601106090
Declaration9996556011087140192225279319372405439499559
of15886556011060100
Helsinki17186556011086139172219252313373406
3.819669401106090
Nuremberg9996694011087147187239332392445486545
Code15726694011081141201254
4.819683201106090
Lisbon9996832011073105152212272332
Declaration13616832011087140194227280320374407440500560
on19516832011060120
Patients'21016832011067121154187241300333380402
Rights25326832011080114174233266313
In639710801104098
biomedical767710801106094154247301360394447501534
research,1331710801104093139194247286340400430
the1791710801103495148
fundamental19697108011040100160220273366419479512565598
principle25977108011060102135195248281341374428
is:3056710801103380113
1.819724601106090
achieving9997246011053106166199252312346406467
scientific14947246011047100133187247280313353387440
goals19647246011061120174207253
and22477246011054114174
obtaining24517246011060120153206239299333393453
new29337246011060114200
knowledge31637246011060120180267301354414474528
2.819738401106090
ensuring9997384011053113159219259293353413
the1441738401103393148
well-being16187384011087140173206248308361394454514
and21617384011054115175
safety23667384011047100139193225288
of26817384011060100
the2811738401103494147
subject29877384011047107167200254308341
3.819752201106090
economic9997522011053106166226286379412466
efficiency1494752201105494132165218251304364418480
of20027522011060100
research2132752201104093141194247286340399
4.819766001106090
speed9997660011047107160213272
of13017660011060100
obtaining14317660011060120153207240300333393455
research1914766001104094140194247286340400
results2344766001104093139199232266313