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the137172901103999152
most1559729011093153200233
high-profile1823729011067100160219261321361421461494527581
xenotransplant2433729011066120180240273313367426473533566620680713
operations3176729011067127180219273305339399459506
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in4167729011040100
1984,4298729011066126186246276
when4610729011086146200259
doctors4899729011066126180213273313360
from528972901104585145239
Loma639867011073132225279
Linda948867011074106166226280
University1258867011087147180240293333379413446509
Medical17968670110107160220253306360392
Center2218867011080134194227280320
in256886701103393
California2691867011080134167200240300341401434488
transplanted320886701103373127186233293326380439472526586
a3824867011054
baboon3907867011060114173233293354
heart4291867011060114166206239
into456086701103393127187
a4777867011053
two-week-old4860867011033120180223310363416476517576610670
baby6391005011060113173234
born9001005011086146186246
with117610050110111144178238
a14441005011078
fatal15521005011065118151204237
heart18191005011086140193232265
defect.21141005011085139178232285318348
Baby249210050110105159218280
Fairy,27991005011093145178218280302
as31311005011078125
she32861005011071131185
was350010050110112165211
known,37411005011086146206292352382
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2146411005011085145
days,48161005011085139199243273
and51191005011079138198
her53471005011086140179
operation6391143011060120173213266299332392452
sparked11211143011097157211251311364424
considerable157511430110104164224271305365418458511571604657
controversy.226211430110105164224258298358418471510557619639
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it37921143011084117
a394011430110103
"brutal407311430110100159199260293346380
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and478111430110104163223
scientists50361143011097154187240300333367413447493
temporarily639128101103387180240300340393432466499561
halted12281281011060113146180233293
such15511281011046106160219
operations.18001281011060121175214267300333394454500530
Evaluate6391419011073133187219279333366419
the10881419011053113167
actions12851419011073127160193254314360
of16751419011081121
the18261419011053113166
medical202214190110114167227260313366399
center's24511419011074127186220273314336381
doctors28621419011081141194228288328375
from32671419011060100159253
the35501419011053113167
perspective37471419011080133173219279333386419452513566
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liberal4493141901105386147200240293325
bioethics48481419011081114174228261321354408454
and53321419011074133194
conservative6391557011053113173219273312372426458492552605
bioethics.1274155701106093153208241301334388434464
What176715570110113174227260
ethical2057155701105386146180233286319
issues2406155701103380127187240287
are2723155701105393146
associated28981557011054102148208262295348381434494
with34221557011087120153214
the3666155701103393146
use38421557011060107160
of40321557011060100
interspecies4162155701103494127181220267327380433466519566
transplantation?4758155701103373127186233293327380440473526560593653713765
Case6391833011080140187240
2.9091833011088118
The10261833011073133187
Nash124218330110114168214274
family,15461833011068122215248282342363
an19401833011080140
American211018330110115209262301335388442501
woman,264118330110114174268321381411
was308318330110114167213
born33261833011088148188248
with360418330110114148181241
a38751833011081
rare39861833011068122161215
genetic42301833011089141201255288321375
disorder,46341833011088121168228268328381422446
Fanconi51101833011096148208261321382415
anemia.6391971011053113166259292346375
The10441971011093153207
condition12811971011072132192252285318352412472
is17831971011053101
characterized19141971011072132185224278331364417458492545599658
by26021971011079140
impaired27701971011052146206260293333386446
hematopoiesis,32461971011079132225280313373433493526580626659706736
the40121971011053113166
development42081971011079133193246279339399492546605639
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tumors,639210901103393187247287334364
developmental10332109011062115175228261321381474528587621674707
defects,17702109011063116155209261294341371
and21712109011055115175
chromosomal23762109011056115156216309369416476570623656
fragility.3062210901104282135196228261295328390409
The35032109011073133187
Nash37212109011087141187247
family3998210901104396188222256316
decided43412109011064117173206266320380
that4751210901103595149182
a49632109011056
blood5048210901106296156216276
and53542109011056115175
bone6392247011060120180233
marrow9112247011094147187226286373
transplant1313224701104384138197244304337390450483
was18372247011087140186
necessary20532247011070123176230276323376416477
to25582247011043103
save26912247011056110169224
their29442247011043103158190230
daughter's32042247011070123183244302336389429451497
life.3731224701104376116170200
However,39702247011087147233287348401441466
the44662247011042102156
survival46522247011056116156216249309362395
rate50772247011050104137190
after52972247011062103136191230
such6392385011047107160220
a8892385011062
procedure9812385011069109169223275335395435489
was15092385011086139185
only17242385011070130163225
16%19752385011070130231
if2235238501104383
the23482385011043103156
donor25342385011069129189249289
was28622385011087140186
not30782385011070130163
a32712385011063
relative.33642385011049102135188222255315368398
To37922385011082133
prevent39552385011070110163222275336369
Fanconi43542385011077129189242302362395
anemia47792385011063122176269302356
in51642385011043103
their52972385011043103156190230
next6392524011060113173207
child,8762524011054114147180240270
the1176252401103494147
Nash13532524011086140186246
family1629252401104194187220255316
became19732524011060114167220313367
the2371252401103393146
first2548252401104074114160193
to2771252401103494
use28952524011060107161
prenatal30872524011060100153212265298353386
genetic35032524011061113173227260293347
diagnosis3880252401105993146207266326372407454
(PGD).43642524011040106193280319349
The47432524011074133188
result4960252401104094140200234267
was52582524011086139185
a54752524011054
boy6392662011060120181
named8482662011084138231284344
Adam,122226620110110170224317347
and15992662011078137197
his18262662011085119165
sister,20212662011071105151185238278303
Molly,235426620110130190224257319338
received27222662011065118172225258318372432
his31842662011084117164
umbilical33782662011084177237271304338391444477
cord38852662011077137177237
blood41522662011083118178238298
to44802662011057117
replace46272662011064118177210263317370
the50272662011057117170
blood52272662011084117177239299
affected639280001105393130184237270323383
by10522800011060122
the1202280001103393146
disease.1378280001106094140194248294347377
Describe6392938011087140186239279312372425
the10952938011043103156
ethical1281293801106497157190244296329
dilemma16402938011070103137190284378431
surrounding21012938011056116156196255315375435469529590
the27202938011043103156
birth29062938011070104144178238
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a33142938011062
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as36862938011063109
an38252938011064124
"ideal3979293801106395155208262295
donor"43042938011070130190250290338
for46722938011050110150
a48522938011063
seriously49452938011056110150183243303350383446
ill5418293801104377112
sister.639307601104780127160214254276
What96330760110113174227260
legal12533076011051105165219252
consequences15353076011071130190237292352412466525578631677
might224430760110111144204263297
arise25713076011072112145192245
if2847307601105191
such29683076011064125179238
procedures32363076011078118178232285344404444498545
become38113076011078131185244338391
widespread?423330760110105139199252298358398452504564617
Who,490030760110113173233263
in51933076011052112
this53353076011051111145192
case,6393214011053106152206235
protects9043214011060100160194248301333380
the1314321401103394147
interests1491321401103393126180220274320353400
of19213214011060100
the2051321401103494147
donor22273214011060120180240280
child?25373214011053113146179240293
SELF-CHECK25264161010867147227301340426520600687780
TEST33324161010881161228308
Harvard6394456011087140179239292333393
criteria1062445601105392125159212253286339
for14314456011040100140
brain16004456011060101154187247
death:18784456011060113166199259292
1.819459401106090
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death13744594011060114168201261
as16654594011053100
the1795459401103393146
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cardiac25724594011053106146206239292346
activity29484594011053106139172232266299361
2.819473201106090
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on13014732011060120
the1451473201103494147
absence16284732011053113159214273327379
of20374732011060101
consciousness21684732011053113173220273306366426473533587633679
3.819487001106090
involves999487001103393153213247307360407
irreversible1436487001103373113166225279318365398458491545
loss2011487001103393140186
of22294870011060100
function2359487001104099159212245278339399
of27884870011060100
the2917487001103494147
entire30944870011053113146179220274
brain33974870011061101155187247
4.819500801106090
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by15685008011060122
the1718500801103393146
cessation18945008011053107153200253287320381441
of23655008011060100
brain24955008011060100153186246
activity27715008011053107140173234267300362
in3161500801103393
the3284500801103394147
brainstem3462500801106099153185245292325379472
The6395284011073133187
"presumption8555284011049108149202248308402462495528589649
of15345284011060100
consent"16635284011054113173221274334367416
model21095284011093153213266300
in2439528401103393
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1.819542201106090
suggests9995422011047107167227279325358405
that1434542201103494147181
organs16455422011060100158211271317
can19925422011054108167
be21895422011061115
removed2333542201104093186246306359419
only27825422011060120154216
with30255422011087120154214
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be21545560011083136
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for25915560011062122162
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if3548556001105595
the36735560011054114168
deceased38715560011081134188241295341394454
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his/her51775560011082115162195256309349
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his/her1738569801106093140173234287327
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3.819583601106090
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mandatory14145836011093147207267321354414454516
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4.819597401106090
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the1449597401103393147
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of21545974011060101
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When63962500110113174227287
using9566250011060106140200260
a12456250011053
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donor,16376250011060120180241281306
the1973625001103393147
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are3176625001105393146
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1.819638801106090
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2.819652601106090
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with27696526011087120154214
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3.819666401106090
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4.819680201106090
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age11496802011053113166
contraindications13456802011053112172206246300333393453486540593626659719779826
The6397078011073133187
most8557078011093153200233
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terms1764707801103487128221268
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engraftment26947078011053113174213267306340434487547581
is:3305707801103380113
1.819721601106090
xenotransplantation9997216011060114174234267307360420467527560613673706760793826886946
2.819735401106090
allotransplantation999735401105386120180213253306366413473506559619652706739772832892
3.819749201106090
isotransplantation999749201103380140173214267326373433466520579613666699733793853
4.819763001106090
autotransplantation9997630011053113146206240280333392439499532586645679732765799859919