392
4.81959201106090
Surrogacy999592011067127167207266326380432494
is152159201103380
a1631592011053
technology171459201103387141200260320354414474534
in227559201103595
which2400592011087147180233293
a2723592011054
woman2807592011086146240293353
carries3190592011053107146186219273320
a3540592011053
child3623592011053114147180241
conceived3894592011053113173226280313373426486
using4410592011060107140200261
the470059201103393147
genetic4877592011060114173226259293346
material999753011093147180233273306359392
of1421753011060100
the155175301103393147
future1727753011040100134194235288
parents,2044753011060113154208267301347377
and2451753011054114174
maternity2655753011093146179233273332365399462
is314475301103380
determined3254753011060113147201241334367427481540
legally382475301103487148200233266329
5.81991201106090
a999912011053
social1082912011046106160193246279
mother1391912011094154187247301340
is176191201103480
always187191201105486173226288332
the223591201103393146
child's2411912011054113146180240262307
biological274891201106093154187247308340394447480
mother3258912011093153188248301341
Assisted6391152011087133180213260293347407
reproductive1076115201104093152192252312372425458491552605
technologies1710115201103487141202262322355415475507561607
include2347115201103494147180240300353
the2730115201103494147
following29071152011041101134167227314347407467
methods:34031152011094147180240300360407440
1.819129001106090
IVF9991290011040125193
(in12211290011088121181
vitro143212900110108141175215275
fertilization),17371290011087141181214248281314368422455488547607647677
ICSI24441290011089166233276
(intracytoplasmic27491290011088121181214254308361423454514574607661708802835889
sperm36671290011095155208248341
injection),40381290011081141175228281314347408468508538
gamete460612900110107159252305339393
donation,502912900110108168228281314347407467497
surrogacy9991428011047107147187246307359412474
2.819156601106090
only9991566011060120153215
IVF12411566011041126194
and14641566011054113173
artificial1667156601105494127161201234287320373407
insemination2104156601103393141194287321381434467501561621
methods27551566011093147180240300360407
3.819170401106090
only9991704011060120153215
donor12411704011060120180240280
programs15511704011060100160221261314406453
and20341704011053113173
surrogacy22381704011047107147187246307359412474
4.819184201106090
only9991842011060120153215
methods12411842011094147180240300360407
of16781842011060100
embryo18081842011053146206246308366
cryopreservation2204184201105493155213273313366412466506566619652685745805
5.819198001106090
only9991980011060120153215
surgical12411980011047107147205238291345378
methods16491980011093147180240300360406
of20861980011060100
infertility2216198001103494134187226260293326360394455
treatment2699198001103373126180213306360419453
According6392256011087140192252292352385445506
to1174225601103393
the1297225601103494147
gradualist14742256011061100154214274327360394441475
approach19792256011053113173213273326378438
to2447225601103393
the2570225601103494147
moral27472256011093153193246279
status3056225601104882135168228275
of33612256011060100
the3491225601103393147
embryo:36672256011053146206246308366399
1.819239401106090
the999239401103393147
embryo11762394011053146206246308365
is1571239401103480
recognized1681239401104094146206267326359412467526
as22382394011053100
a23682394011053
full-fledged2451239401103999133166208248281334394454507567
subject30482394011046106166200253306339
from3417239401104181140234
the3681239401103394147
moment38572394011094154247301360394
of42812394011060100
conception44112394011053112172225279339372406466526
2.819253201106090
the999253201103393147
moral11762532011093153193246279
status1485253201104680134166226273
of17882532011060100
the1918253201103393147
embryo20952532011053147207247308365
is2490253201103480
determined26002532011060114147200241334367427481540
solely31702532011047107140194228289
by34872532011060122
the3637253201103393146
decision38132532011060114167200247280341401
of42442532011060100
the4373253201103494147
parents45502532011061114154207266299346
3.819267001106090
the999267001103393147
embryo11762670011053146206246308365
has15712670011060114160
no17612670011060120
moral19112670011093153193247279
status2220267001104881135168228275
until25252670011060120153187220
the2776267001103494147
moment29532670011094154247300360394
of3377267001106098
birth3505267001106094134167227
4.819280801106090
the999280801103393147
embryo's11762808011053146206246308365388433
right1639280801104074135194227
to1896280801103394
life2020280801103366107160
arises2209280801105594127174227274
only25132808011060120153216
after2756280801105393126180220
reaching3006280801104093146199259292352413
a34492808011054
certain35322808011053106146179233266326
weight38882808011087140173234293327
5.819294601106090
the999294601103393147
embryo11762946011053146206246308365
acquires15712946011054106166226259301354400
moral20012946011093153193247280
status2311294601104780134167227274
gradually,2615294601106099153212272325358392453474
as31192946011054100
it3249294601103467
develops33462946011060114173227259319379426
The6393185011073133187
main8553185011093147180240
ethical1125318501105386146180233286319
principles14743185011060100133193246279339373428474
of19783185011060100
prenatal21083185011060100152212266299352386
diagnosis2524318501106093146207266326373406453
include:3007318501103393147180240300353386
1.81933370915075
voluntary9993323011060120153213273307360400461
nature14873323011060115147207247301
of18173323011060100
diagnostics1947332301106093148208267328375408441495541
2.81934760915075
the999346201103393147
decision11763462011060113165198245278339399
to1605346201103393
conduct17293462011053113173233293346379
diagnostics2138346201106095148208266326373406440493540
is2708346201103380
made28183462011093147207260
by31073462011060123
medical32573462011094147208241294348380
personnel36673462011060114153200260320380433466
3.81936370915075
informed999362301103393133193233326379439
consent14683623011054113173220273333366
of18643623011060100
a19943623011054
woman20783623011086146241294354
for2462362301104099139
procedures26313623011060100159213267326386426480526
4.81937950915075
Refusal9993781011080134173233280333366
of13953781011060100
diagnostics1525378101106093146207266326372406439493539
deprives20943781011060114174214247307361407
a25313781011053
woman26143781011086146240293353
of29973781011060101
the3128378101103393146
right3304378101104073134193226
to3560378101103394
observation36843781011060120166220259319373406440500560
at4274378101105386
a43903781011053
women's44733781011087148241294354376421
clinic4924378101105587121181215268
The6394057011073133187
ethical855405701105386146180233286319
issue1204405701103380127187240
associated1474405701105399146206261294347380435494
with19984057011087120153213
prenatal22414057011060100154213266299353386
diagnosis2657405701106093147207266326373406454
is:3141405701103480114
1.819419501106090
There9994195011073133187226279
is13074195011060107
a14444195011081
possibility15544195011087147193240274334368401435468530
of21114195011087128
using22694195011086132166226286
prenatal25854195011086126179238293326379412
diagnostics30274195011087120173234293353401434467521567
to36244195011060120
create37744195011080119173226259312
―ideal‖41164195011081114174227280313366
children45134195011080140174207267307361420
with496341950110113146179239
given52324195011088120180234294
characteristics9994334011053113166206259312345399438471518551585638685
2.819447201106090
the999447201103393147
practice11764472011089129183235268301355408
of16134472011090131
mandatory177444720110123176236296350382442483544
termination23464472011063116157250284344397430463524584
of29604472011090130
pregnancy31204472011089129182243301356415469530
when367844720110117177230289
any39974472011084144206
genetic42304472011091144204257290323377
abnormalities46374472011083143203263303396450482516549583636683
are53504472011083122176
detected9994610011060113146199253285339399
is1428461001103380
being15384610011060113146206267
formed18344610011040100141234287347
3.819474801106090
diagnostic999474801106093147207265325372405439492
results1521474801104094140200233267314
may18654748011093147208
lead2100474801103388142201
to2331474801103494
selective24554748011047100133186239272305366419
abortion29044748011053112172213247280340400
based33344748011060113160215274
on36384748011060120
genetic37884748011061113173226259292346
characteristics41644748011054113167207261313346399440474521554588641688
4.819488601106090
Prenatal9994886011067107160219273306359392
diagnostics142148860110127161214275334394440474507561607
is205948860110101147
aimed223648860110121154247301360
only262648860110128188221283
at293748860110122154
identifying312148860110101161214274308342382443474534595
serious374548860110114168208241301361408
diseases418348860110127160207260315361414460
without467548860110153187220280340400433
ethical513948860110120153213246300353386
consequences9995024011053113173219273332392446505558612659
The6395300011073133187
Declaration8555300011087140192225280319373405439499559
"On14445300011050136196
Artificial16635300011087127160193235268321354407441
Insemination2134530001104199146199292326386439472505566626
and27905300011053113173
Embryo29935300011073167227267328386
Transplantation"34085300011073108162221268328361415474508561594628688748797
prohibits:42345300011061101161221254314348381428461
1.819543801106090
use9995438011060107160
of11895438011060100
embryos13195438011053145205245307365412
in1761543801103393
scientific18845438011047100133187247280313355388441
research2355543801104093139192246285339399
2.819557601106090
cryopreservation999557601105393155212272312366411466506566619651685745805
and18345576011053113173
storage2037557601104780140180234294347
of24135576011060100
embryos25435576011054146206247309367414
3.819571501106090
use9995715011060107160
of11895715011060100
embryos13195715011053145205245307365412
for17615715011040100141
industrial1932571501103393153213260293333366420453
purposes24155715011060120159219279326379426
4.819587401106090
the999587401103393147
use11765874011060106160
of13655874011060100
embryos14955874011053146206246308365412
in1937587401103494
infertility2061587401103393133187227260294327360394455
treatment2544587401103373127179212306359419452
5.819603301106090
transfer999603301103373127186233273326365
of13946033011060101
embryos15256033011053146206246308365412
between19676033011060115147234288341401
medical23986033011093146206240293347380
institutions2808603301103393140174207241301334368428488534
According6396273011087140192252292352385445506
to1174627301103595
the1299627301103494147
Declaration14776273011087141194227280321374408441501561
"On20686273011050136196
Artificial22956273011087127159193233266320352406439
Insemination27646273011042101147202295329389443476509569629
and34236273011055115175
Embryo36296273011073166226266327385
Transplantation",40466273011073108162222270330363416476510563596629690750799828
the4904627301103494147
choice50816273011055114178211264319
of54296273011061102
the639641101103393147
sex8166411011046100159
of10066411011060100
the1136641101103393147
future13126411011040100133193233286
child:16286411011053112146179241274
1.819654901106090
permitted9996549011060113153246279313346400459
at1488654901105487
the1605654901103393147
parents'17816549011060113153207266300346368
discretion2178654901106195141195235287320354414474
2.819668701106090
completely9996687011053113206266300353386439473534
prohibited15606687011060101161221255315348381435495
in2085668701103393
all2208668701105387120
cases23586687011053106152206252
3.819682501106090
allowed999682501105386120180267320379
to1408682501103393
prevent15316825011060100154213266326359
socially19206825011047107162195248281316377
stigmatized2325682501104680113173266319352386439493552
diseases2907682501106094141194247293348394
4.819696301106090
allowed999696301105386120180267320379
only14086963011060120153215
if1650696301103474
there1754696301103393148187240
is2023696301103480
a21336963011054
risk2217696301104174121181
of24286963011060100
inheriting2557696301103494154207247280313347407467
sex-related30536963011046100159202242296328382416469529
diseases3612696301106093140193246292346392
Parent-centered6397203011067120160213272306346400453512546599639692751
approach14207203011055114174214274328381440
in1891720301103494
prenatal20157203011061101154213266299352386
diagnosis:2431720301106093146207266326373406453486
1.819734101106090
ignores999734101103393152212252306351
medical13807341011094149208241295348381
indications1791734101103393153187240293326359420481527
2.819747901106090
puts9997479011060120153200
the1229747901103394147
interests1406747901103393126180220273319352399
of18357479011060100
parents19657479011060113152206267300347
above23427479011053113173233287
medical26587479011093147207240293346379
advice30677479011053113173207261314
3.819761701106090
provides9997617011060100160220253313367413
comprehensive14427617011053113206266306359419473532579613673726
support21987617011047107167227287327361
to2589761701103393
families2712761701104093186219253287340386
in3128761701103494
decision-making32527617011060113166200247280341401441535588648681741801