447
3.81959101106090
Why9995910110113174235
is126259101103582
responsibility137459101104296142202262322368402462495529562596657
the205959101103696150
flip224059101104275109169
side243959101104982142195
of2664591011063103
freedom?279759101104383135189249309402455
What32875910110113172226259
happens3576591011062115175235288348394
when4004591011087147200259
freedom429359101104484136190249309404
is472759101103682
divorced483959101106396156216256310362422
from529159101104283143236
morality?999729011093153193247279313346408457
4.81986701106090
Who9998670110113174234
is126386701103380
a1373867011053
conformist?1456867011053113173213273313405439486519572
Is205986701104084
it217386701103468
acceptable2271867011054107159212272305360419453506
for280786701104099139
a2976867011054
doctor3060867011060120173206266306
to339686701103394
be3520867011060114
a3663867011054
conformist?3746867011053113173213273313407440487520573
5.819100501106090
Do9991005011087147
you11761005011075132192
agree13981005011068129168222274
with170210050110101134168228
the19601005011047107161
statement2151100501106094147180234327380440473
that26541005011048108161195
the28791005011047107161
main30841005011093146180240
mechanism33671005011093146200259312372405452545
for39431005011054114154
monitoring41401005011094154214247281341381414474534
compliance47031005011068127220280314348401461514568
with530010050110101135168228
moral9991143011093153193247279
requirements1308114301104094153213246286340432487546580627
is1965114301103380
not20751143011060120153
public22591143011060120180213246300
opinion,25891143011060120153213246307367397
but30161143011060120153
a31991143011053
person’s32821143011060114153199259319359398
conscience?37101143011054113173220274307361421474527580
6.819128101106090
Should9991281011067127187247280340
a13691281011054
physician14531281011060120181225258311345398458
have19411281011060113173227
moral21991281011093153193246279
obligations25081281011060120153187247299332366426486533
towards3071128101103393180233272332380
himself?3481128101106093187233287320360412
7.819141901106090
In999141901104098
medicine,11321419011093147207240293326386439469
the1632141901103797150
term1812141901103790131224
"profession"20661419011054113153214254307353399433493553602
has26981419011064117163
come28911419011058118211265
to3186141901103696
denote33121419011064120181241274328
an36701419011056116
occupation38161419011063117170230290344377410471531
with43801419011087120154214
special46241419011051111164217250304337
obligations49911419011063123157190252304337370430490537
to999155701103393
those1122155701103696156203256
it1408155701103669
serves.15071557011049103142202256301331
It's186815570110447597143
worth20431557011087147188221281
noting23541557011062122156189249309
that2692155701103696149182
participation29041557011063116156189222276309369422455489550610
in3544155701103595
the3669155701103696150
medical38511557011093146206240293346379
profession42601557011062102162202255301348382442502
has47921557011063116162
historically4984155701106396143176236276310363416449482544
required999169501104093152212246286339398
specialized14271695011057117170224257310343377430484544
literacy,2001169501104276110163203255308369389
entailed24201695011064124157210244277330390
a28401695011063
specific29321695011057117170223256297330384
form33451695011049110150243
of36181695011070110
education,37581695011062122182235288321354414474504
and42921695011063123183
been45051695011069124176236
associated47711695011063109155215269302355388443502
with53131695011087120153213
the999183301103393147
idea11761833011052112165218
of14241833011079119
accepting15731833011073126179232291325358419480
(through2081183301105993154194254314374432
an25431833011074133
oath)27061833011079133166226265
moral300118330110113173213266299
obligations33301833011080140174207267319352386446506553
that39131833011052112166199
transcend4142183301105292146205252305358417479
those46511833011052112172219272
of49531833011079119
ordinary51021833011079118178212272325365426
individuals999197101103393153187247280340400454487534
in15631971011075135
other172819710110102136196249289
professions.204619710110102143204244297343390423483543590620
Justify26961971011090151198231265305366
this30891971011076136169216
special33351971011090150203256289342376
requirement37411971011082136195255288328382474529589622
for43931971011082142182
physicians'460519710110102162223268301356389442502548571
moral520519710110135195235289322
obligations.9992109011060120153187247299332365426486532562
8.819224701106090
The9992247011073133187
acceleration12152247011076129183235268322362415448482542602
of18472247011083123
scientific20002247011069122155208269302336376409463
and24922247011076136196
technological27182247011056109162221281341375435496528582635667
progress34172247011082122182242282335381428
in38752247011056116
recent40212247011063116169223282315
decades43662247011083137189243304357403
has47992247011083140186
led50152247011056109169
to52142247011056116
the53602247011056116170
constant9992385011053113173219253306366399
emergence14282385011097190243283341394454507561
of201923850110103143
technological21922385011077130183243303363396456517550603656689
innovations29112385011076136196256316370403436498558604
that35452385011077137190224
hold379923850110103163196256
great408523850110103142196249282
promise439723850110103143204297331378431
for48572385011084144183
practical507023850110103143196250282316369422455
medicine.9992524011093147207240293326386439469
Consequently,149825240110105166226272326385445498558591625686707
technologies22362524011058111165224284344377437497530583630
that28962524011058118171205
have31312524011085138198252
not34142524011085145178
yet36222524011086137170
been38222524011086139192251
fully41032524011066126160193254
studied43852524011072105165226260313373
are47882524011078118171
sometimes49882524011072132225279312345439492539
introduced999266201103393127167227287347400453512
into15412662011040100133193
clinical1764266201105992126186219273326359
practice.21532662011066104158210243276330383412
Explain26012662011074134195228281315375
why30112662011087147208
modern32512662011094154215268308368
clinical3649266201105891125185218272325358
thinking4037266201103999132193253289349409
increasingly4475266201103999152192245298344377437499531594
demands50952662011066120213266326386433
increased999280001103393147187239292338393452
physician14812800011066126187232265318352406466
empathy19772800011059152212265298358419
(in2424280001104679139
particular,25932800011066119159192225279338372425466491
"self-experience"),31142800011054100155187227270323383444497537570623683736789838877907
and40512800011059118178
how42592800011066126213
empathy45022800011059153213266300360421
is4950280001103986
related50662800011046100132185219272332
to5428280001103999
the999293801103393147
moral11762938011093153193246279
demands14852938011060113206260319379426
of19412938011060100
the2071293801103393146
medical22482938011093147207240293346379
profession.26572938011060100160200254300347380440500530
Exercise3.8523218010880140194246297330376430490520
Which85233540108120187220274340
rules12223354010854120154207254
do15063354010866127
you16633354010860120187
consider18803354010853113179225259325379432
moral234033540108100159212272305
and26753354010860127194
which28993354010887155188242308
do32363354010867127
not?33933354010867128168228
and36223352011053113173
why?38253352011086146207257
1032348006894
cross1212349001105393153199246
the1488349001103393147
street1665349001104680120173225258
when19553490011086146200259
the2244349001103494147
traffic2421349001103474127167204237291
light2741349001103367128187220
is2991349001103481
green;31023490011061100153207266299
1032361806894
a12123628011053
citizen1295362801105386119153206260320
of16453628011060100
a17753628011053
state1857362801104780134167220
must21073628011093153200233
obey23713628011060120173234
its2632362801103467114
laws2776362801103387173220
1032375606894
students1212376601104780140200253313347393
must16353766011094154201234
comply18993766011053113207267300362
with22883766011087120153213
the2531376601103494147
teacher's2708376601103387140192252305346368414
requirements;3152376601104093152212245285340433487547580627660
1032389406894
gave12123904011060112172226
your14673904011063120180220
word17173904011087146187247
-19943904011042
keep20663904011060113166225
it;2321390401103367101
1032403206894
Perish12124042011067120160193240300
yourself,15424042011061119179219265319352392422
but19944042011060120154
save2178404201104699159213
your24204042011061119180220
comrade;26704042011054113207247300359414447
1032417006894
moral12124180011093153193247279
damages15214180011060114207260321373419
should19704180011047107167227260321
be23214180011060113
compensated24644180011054113207267320380427480513566626
in3120418001103393
monetary32434180011094154214267300354394455
form37254180011041101142235
Exercise4Ethical8524598010880140194246297330376430490570610676710763823856
teachings1738459801084094153207274307374435481
and22494598010860127194
ethical2474459801085392159192246306339
choice.28434598010853120180213267320349
4.1.852473401086090150180
Using10324732011087133167227287
your13484732011089147207247
knowledge16254732011087147207294327380440501553
of22084732011087127
ethical23654732011080113173207260314347
teachings,27424732011061114168220280313373435480510
formulate32834732011068128168260320354407440493
what380647320110114174228260
a40964732011081
doctor’s42074732011087147200233293333378417
duty46544732011088148181242
is49244732011061107
from50614732011068108167261
the53524732011061121174
standpoint852487001104780133193253313373407467500
of:13824870011060100134
a)852500801105393
Utilitarian9935008011087120153187220254307347380434493
Ethics15165008011073107167200254300
(Isaac1846500801104080126179232286
Bentham)21625008011080133192226286339432472
b)8525146011060100
Ethics9935146011073107167200254300
of13235146011060100
Duty14535146011086146179241
(I.1721514601104182110
Kant)18615146011087141201234274
4.2.851542401086090150180
Five1031542201106799159213
people12745422011064117177237270324
are1628542201105798151
in1808542201103898
a19365422011058
hospital,20245422011066126173233266300353386416
dying24705422011065126156216277
from2776542201104485147240
various30465422011065118158191252312359
organ34355422011065104162215275
diseases.3740542201106498144198251297350397427
A42025422011087
healthy43165422011060114167200234294355
person46995422011064118158205265325
sits5054542201105184118165
in5249542201103898
the5377542201103898152
hallway,8515560011060113146180267320380401
whose12935560011087147207254307
organs16295560011071112171223282329
are19885560011065106159
100%21765560011071131191291
likely2498556001104477137191223285
to28105560011044104
save29465560011057110170223
the32005560011044105159
lives3388556001104477138191237
of36555560011071111
all3796556001106598131
five.3957556001105184144198227
Is4215556001105297
it4342556001104478
ethical4450556001106598158191245298331
to48115560011044104
kill49455560011071104138171
him51465560011071105198
for53745560011051111151
organ8515698011060100158210270
harvesting?11515698011060113154214267313346380440500552
Consider17355698011080140200247280341393432
this2197569801103494127174
situation2401569801104680113174227260293353413
from2844569801104080140233
the3107569801103394147
perspective32845698011060113152199259312365398431491545
of38585698011060101
b)8525836011060100
Utilitarian9925836011087120154187221254308347381434493
Ethics15155836011074107167200254300
(Isaac1845583601104081126179232286
Bentham)21625836011080132192225285338432473
c)852597401105393
Ethics9765974011090123183216270316
of13225974011060100
Duty14525974011087146180241
(I.1721597401104181110
Kant)18615974011086140200233273
4.3.852625201086090150180
Patients10326250011067120153187240300333380
hospitalized14426250011062122169229262296349383416468522582
with20556250011087120153213
lower2298625001103696183236276
extremity26046250011055114149189242335368402463
ischemia3093625001103683136196249342375429
caused35526250011055108168214267327
by39096250011062125
severe40606250011049102162216256309
atherosclerotic4398625001105690150203243302349402435489529588621655708
changes51366250011055115169229290342388
typically852638801103395152186239292325358421
undergo13016388011068128188241282340399
bypass17306388011068129187241287334
surgery20956388011055115155213266305367
to24906388011042102
restore26226388011048101147181241281334
arterial29856388011062102136189228262316349
blood33646388011068102162222282
flow.3676638801104882142228251
However,39656388011087147233286346399438463
preference44586388011069108162201254294348407460514
is5001638801104289
given51206388011068101161214274
to54246388011041101
young,8526526011060118179239300329
affluent12116526011072111150183243296356389
patients16306526011080133166199253312346392
who205265260110106166226
will230865260110106140173207
adhere25456526011073132192245285338
to29126526011053113
the30556526011053113166
prescribed32516526011077117171217270309343403456515
regimen,37966526011060114174206300353413443
quit42696526011079139172206
smoking,45056526011066159219279313373433462
and49976526011072132192
afford52196526011072111149209249308
expensive8526664011053113174227287333367427480
medications,13766664011094147207240293346379412473533580610
thereby20166664011047106160199252312374
justifying24176664011048108155188222262323354414475
the29216664011048108161
government's31126664011075134195248288348441494554587610656
spending37986664011061121174234294327387447
on42746664011074134
expensive44386664011069128190243302349382442496
prosthetics.49646664011074114174220254314367400433487533563
For8526802011067126166
older1048680201106093153207246
patients,13246802011060114147180234293327373403
treatment1757680201103474127180213306361421454
is2241680201103380
limited2351680201103467161194228281341
to2722680201103494
conservative28466802011053112172219272312372425458491551605
methods.34806802011094147180240300360407437
What85269450108107173234267
ethical11496945010869102169203256316349
principles15286945010876123156223277310370403457503
guide20616945010874141175235288
the23796945010848115169
presented25796945010876122176222275342375429489
approach30986945010875135195243303363416482
to36116945010848108
medical37656945010893148208241294354388
practice?41836945010875122182235268301354407466
What469569450108106173234267
values49926945010869129162229282329
are53516945010879125179
violated?852708301085386146180240273327387447
What133770830108106173233267
is1634708301084288
the17527083010841108162
ambiguity19437083010869161222255315381415448502
of24747083010869109
the26137083010841107160
presented28037083010868115168214268334368421481
ethical3314708301086194161195248308342
position,36867083010868128175208241275335401431
given41477083010868102155208274
the44517083010841108162
specific46427083010855115169221254294328381
nature50537083010875135168235282336
of54187083010869108
medical8527221010893148207241294354387
care?12697221010854113160213273