216
6354147819011156112
information1211596012839110157226273382442481521591661
about1908596012873144213283322
the2266596012850120182
dynamics2483596012883153222285394430493548
of3067596012883130
heart3231596012883145207253292
function;3558596012858128199261300338408479517
for4111596012859128175
example,4322596012875144207316384423485520
in4877596012852121
diastolic5034596012883121184237277346385424487
dysfunction,1211839012870141194241311382444483521592661697
an1943839012882151
increased2129839012859129192239301362417480549
ratio2713839012867129168207277
of3025839012890137
early3198839012882144191229300
transmitral3531839012859106172242297407443483530592630
Doppler41978390128121191260331369432479
blood4711839012889128198269338
flow5085839012867106175277
to5397839012857127
early12111080012862125171210281
mitral153210800128109146186233295334
annulus19021080012868138208277317386440
tissue2378108001284583138192263324
Doppler274310800128102171242311350413459
indicates32381080012844114183223286347386448502
that37761080012845114177215
a40261080012868
high41291080012876116185255
intra-atrial44201080012844114153200262313375413459498561599
pressure50541080012876123186239294364411472
is1211132101283994
an13411321012862131
important15071321012839149217287334372435505544
driving20851321012870117156226264335404
force.25251321012847117164225288323
Transoesophageal103118050128861321942653203894525065766467157788479109721010
echocardiography207718050128621251932643263884355045436136847307928629321003
Transoesophageal103120460128861321942653203894525065766467157788479109721010
echocardiography2077204601281001622313023644264735425826517227688309019701041
is31512046012877132
generally331920460128108170240303350412450488559
performed391120460128108171218265335382491551622
with456820460128140178217287
both489120460128108177217286
local52132046012877147209271308
(oral8512288012847117164227265
lidocaine1151228801283977148218280342381450513
(lignocaine)1699228801284785124194264334396458497567629676
topical24102288012839109178218280342381
spray)28272288012853123170232302347
and32092288012863134203
intravenous34482288012839108147195256326389458528598652
anaesthesia.41362288012862131194256310349419481535574637672
It1031252801284786
is1152252801283993
useful12802528012871124187234303343
for:16582528012847116163201
10312860012865
diagnosis12112860012870110172241311382436474529
of17742860012870118
infective19272860012839108155218279318356427489
endocarditis24502860012862132202273335398443513552591630684
10313112012865
clarifying12113112012862101164211249296366404474545
the17913112012866136199
mechanism202531120128137197260330393463503557666
and27243112012891161232
severity29913112012883146215278325363402473
of34973112012898146
valvular36773112012898161200270339379441487
heart41993112012899161223269308
disease45433112012897136191254315368431
(such50093112012875130200262331
as53763112012891144
mitral121133530128109146185233295334
regurgitation)15813353012846109179248295364404442505543582652722769
10313605012865
assessment12113605012862117172234289343452512582622
of18683605012871117
cardiac20213605012862124170240279341404
shunts24593605012854125195265304358
(such28523605012847102171234303
as31903605012863117
atrial33423605012864102149187250289
septal36663605012854117187226288326
defects)40283605012870132178241303341396443
10313856012865
assessment12113856012862117172234289343452512582622
of186838560128122169
left20723856012889152199237
atrial234438560128112151199236299338
appendage271838560128113182252315384454516586649
performed340238560128121183229276346393502562633
before407038560128122184231300347410
cardioversion451538560128113175221292330401470533580633673742812
to53633856012889158
exclude12114099012862133195233304374436
thrombus16824099012838109156225335402473528
10314349012865
identification12114349012839110172241280319367404467530567606677746
of19934349012881129
a21574349012874
cardiac22664349012874136182252292353416
source27174349012866136206253315377
of31294349012882129
embolism32934349012874183251322361401455565
or38904349012882129
a40544349012874
predisposing41634349012882129192262301357426496551589659729
congenital49274349012874144214284346416455494556594
heart12114592012870133195242280
lesion15274592012839101155193264333
in18964592012839108
patients20384592012870133172211273343382436
diagnosed25104592012870108171240310380435497567
with311345920128101139178247
a33964592012862
cryptogenic34934592012862109178246286356427490559597660
stroke4188459201285593140209280342
10314843012865
providing12114843012870117188257296366405474545
additional19854843012862131202241279318388458520559
diagnostic27724843012870110171242311381436474514576
information35754843012839110157226273382442481521591661
to44654843012839109
transthoracic4800484301283986149218273311382451499561622661723
echocardiography121150850128621251952653273904375065446156847327948639331003
in22485085012887158
assessment244050850128112166220283338392501561631671
of314750850128117165
prosthetic334750850128117165235289328398461499538601
heart398250850128119180243290329
valves434550850128119181220290352406
in47855085012888159
cases497850850128111174227290343
of535750850128119165
suspected12115327012855125179249312374412475545
prosthetic17905327012870117186241280350412451490553
valve23765327012871133172242305
dysfunction27145327012871141194241311381444483521591662
or34105327012870117
prosthetic35615327012870117187241280350412451490552
valve41485327012871132171241304
endocarditis.44875327012862131201271333395442512551590629683718
When103156670128133201264334
assessing14015667012888143198260314368408477547
congenital19835667012889159229298361430470508571609
heart26275667012896159221268306
disease,29695667012896134189251314368430465
transoesophageal34695667012865112175245299370431486556625696759828890952991
echocardiography449556670128891512202953564194655355746447147618238939631034
can8515910012862125195
overcome108259100128120190253299361431541601
many171859100128162222292363
of211559100128121169
the23195910012890161222
limitations25775910012890128238275314377416455525595650
of326159100128121169
transthoracic34655910012890137199269323362432501549611673711774
echocardiography4274591001281141762453163774404875565956657367828449149841055
in53625910012890160
delineation8516151012870133172210280343405443483552622
and15086151012878147218
visualisation17616151012884123178247310348387441504542582651722
of25176151012886133
cardiac26856151012876139186255294357418
chambers,31386151012878147209319387450496551587
intra-cardiac37606151012852123161209271322383445492561601664725
shunts45196151012869140210279319373
and49276151012878147218
in51806151012853123
the53386151012854124187
monitoring85163920128109177248287327397443482552623
of15096392012892139
patients16836392012891154192231294363402457
with217563920128124162201271
previous24816392012893140201271310380450504
surgery.30206392012877147194263326373443476
Examples353263920128107177240350418457520575
of41426392012892139
its43166392012860100154
use45056392012893147210
in47506392012861131
congenital49166392012885154224294357426465504566604
heart8516633012870133195242280
disease116766330128135174228291353407469
include167066330128105175237275346416478
identifying218366330128104175236306345384431501538609679
and289766330128128198268
quantifying319966330128136206268337377415463533570641711
atrial394566330128128166213252315353
septal433266330128120183252292353392
defects476066330128134197243305367406461
and525666330128127196265
anomalous8516876012862133202312372411481552607
pulmonary149468760128128198237347415485548594664
venous219168760128130193263334403459
drainage,268568760128129176238276347409479541576
and329568760128122192263
detecting359368760128129192230292355393432502571
the42006876012899168231
complications446568760128122192302370409448511574611651721790845
of534668760128128175
previous8517117012870117180249288358428483
corrective13697117012862131178225287349388426497559
surgery19637117012854124171241303350420
for24167117012847117164
congenital26157117012862133202273335405444483545584
heart32337117012870133195242280
disease.35487117012871109164226288341404439
Stress10317358012878117164227280335
echocardiography140273580128621231932633263884355045426136837307928619321002