222
2154147819011156112
In37271282012847117
normal38801282012899170217326386425
conditions,43411282012893162233302341380419489559613648
the50241282012869140202
area52611282012893140202263
of35471523012870117
the369915230128117187250
heart398415230128146209270317356
and437615230128138209278
major469015230128185246285355402
blood512715230128148188257327398
vessels35471764012870133188242304342397
(Fig.397917640128181259297368403
9)441717640128203250
is470117640128174229
without496517640128235273312383452522561
deformations.35472007012870133180249296405465504544614684739774
The43572007012899167230
anterior46222007012877146184247294332404451
surface51092007012867137184231293355418
of35472248012870117
the36992248012846116179
chest39132248012869138201254294
is42422248012845100
even,43772248012870139201270306
the47202248012846116178
sternum49332248012862100163210279349458
is54242248012846101
straight.3547248901285594141202241311382420456
The403824890128116186248
parasternal43222489012899162209270325363426472542605643
areas50002489012893140202265318
on535424890128100170
the35472730012839110172
left37532730012856118164203
and39922730012878148217
right42452730012863101171241280
are45602730012879125187
symmetrical,47812730012871142250358419458506545607670708743
intercostal35472972012839110148211258320389443483545583
spaces416629720128168238300362424479
are467929720128176223285
equally499929720128176247316379417456527
pronounced35473214012870117188257327397467530591661
on424332140128134204
both448232140128134204243313
sides.483032140128118157227290343379
The524432140128150218281
level35473455012839102172234273
and38553455012891160231
shape41213455012883153216285347
of45043455012898144
the46833455012868137200
rib49183455012875114184
arches51383455012890137199269331386
are35473696012862109171
the37543696012839108171
same39603696012855116225285
on42803696012871141
both44573696012870140179248
sides.4741369601285493164226280315
Figure8513522012878117188257305367
9.125335220128109145
Heart143335220128142204266313352
and182135220128102173242
major209835220128150210249319366
blood249935220128111150221291361
vessels289635220128109172227281343381435
area8513764012862109172234
(precordial11203764012847117163225288357404474513575613
area)17693764012862109171234279
In10314139012847117
pathology,11844139012870131170240311349419489560593
the18124139012839109172
following20194139012847116155194263365404473544
deformations25974139012870133180249296405465504544614684738
of33704139012871117
the35224139012839109172
precordial37284139012870117179242311358427466529567
area43314139012862109171232
are45974139012862109172
possible:48034139012870140195249289358397460499
9934390012865
Protrusion12054390012878125195233281351405444514584
in18244390012871141
the20004390012871141204
area22394390012894141202265
of253943900128102149
the27234390012871141204
3rd-4th296243900128101148217267337375445
intercostal34434390012871140179241288351420475513576614
space40924390012887157219282343
to44704390012871141
the46464390012871141203
left48844390012871134180218
of513843900128102149
the53224390012870141203
sternum851463301285594157202273342452
is13364633012890145
called151646330128114176215255318387
"cardiac193846330128109170232279349388451513
hump."248646330128120191301369404461
It29824633012898137
occurs315546330128121184246315363417
in36084633012889159
early380346330128113176221260331
childhood416746330128114184223263333403473542613
due481646330128120190253
to51044633012889160
the52994633012889159221
enlargement8514874012862133172234281351413522582652692
of15784874012894141
the17544874012862132195
right19844874012870107178248287
ventricle23074874012892155224262310349411449512
in28544874012862132
congenital30224874012885155224294357426465504567604
heart36624874012894156218264303
defects.40014874012893155202265326365419454
Diagnostic448948740128125163226296366437491529569631
value:51564874012892155193263325364
congenital8515116012862133202273336405443483545583
heart14705116012870132195242280
defects17855116012870133179242303342397
with221851160128101139179249
hypertrophy25025116012870141209272319358405474544614685
and32205116012863133203
dilation34595116012871109147210249288357428
of39235116012870116
the40755116012839108171
right4281511601284886156226265
ventricle45825116012870132202240287326389427490
-51075116012852
mitral519551160128109145185232293331
stenosis,851535801285594157226296351389444480
tricuspid1366535801283784123185255309379418488
valve18895358012871132171241304
defects.22285358012870131178240303341396431
9935609012865
Protrusion12055609012878125195233281351405444514584
in18245609012854124
the19845609012852123185
handle22045609012885147217287326389
of26275609012885133
the27955609012853122185
sternum,30155609012870109171218287357466499
in35495609012854126
the37115609012854123186
2nd39325609012885154225
intercostal41925609012858127167229276337408462500563602
space48295609012869140202264326
at51905609012878116
the53425609012852122184
right851585101284786156226265
edge11515851012863133203266
of14525851012870117
the16045851012839110171
sternum,1810585101285694157204273344453486
occurs23315851012871133196266313367
with273458510128101140178249
aortic30185851012863133180218256319
aneurysm.33725851012863133195264312382435546578
In39855851012848118
the41385851012840111174
2nd43475851012870139210
intercostal45925851012839109148211258319389443482544583
space52115851012854124186249310
at8516092012862101
the9886092012839108171
left11946092012838100147186
edge14166092012862131201263
of17136092012870117
the18666092012839108171
sternum,2072609201285392155201271341450483
it2590609201283978
occurs27046092012870132194264311366
with310560920128101140178248
the33886092012839109171
dilation35946092012871109147210249288357428
of40566092012870117
the42086092012839109171
pulmonary44136092012870140179289357427490537607
trunk.5054609201283985156226296332
9936343012865
Smoothing12056343012878188256327366436474545615
or18556343012870117
even20076343012862132194263
bulging23066343012870139179249288358427
of27696343012870117
the29216343012838108170
intercostal31266343012839109148211256319389443482544583
spaces37456343012853124185248310364
to41446343012839109
the42886343012839108171
left44946343012839102151190
of47186343012870116
the48696343012839110173
sternum5077634301285393154201271341451
is851658501283994
observed9796585012870141195258304374436505
in15206585012839108
effusive16646585012862109155224279318387449
pericarditis.21486585012870133180218281343390459498537575630666
9936836012865
Conversely,12056836012894164233304367412467530568638672
flattening19126836012862101164203242304374413483552
or25006836012885132
retraction26676836012862125164211272335374412482552
of32546836012886133
the34226836012854125186
chest36426836012879149211266304
in39826836012854125
the41416836012856125188
precordial43636836012887133195257327374444482545584
area49826836012879125188249
may528268360128110170241
occur8517079012870133195264312
with119870790128101139178248
adherent14827079012862131201263310372442481
(constrictive)19997079012846107178247302341388427489528566637699745
pericarditis.27797079012871132179218281342389458496536574629665