314
1354147819011156112
acute851596012862125195233296
heart1182596012874136198245284
failure1501596012850112151189260306368
(pulmonary1904596012850120190230339407478540587657
edema),2595596012865136198308368414449
cough3080596012865135206276346
is346259601284296
accompanied3593596012866128191260370437500570610672742
by4371596012872141
the4547596012842113176
production4758596012873120189259330391430469539609
of5403596012872119
serous851839012855117164233304358
or1244839012871117
serosanguinous1396839012854117163233287350420489559599668738808863
sputum2294839012855124194233303412
(foamy273983901284793164226337406
and3178839012862133204
pink).3416839012870110179249296331
Hemoptysis103110800128101163273341412451522575614668
occurs17351080012877139201271317372
due21431080012875145208
to23861080012845115
erythrocyte25371080012868114185222293340410472542579642
diapedesis32141080012877117178247310379442497535589
through38391080012845115162231302372441
the43161080012846115178
alveolar-capillary45291080012868106177239308347410456508571632702741780819881928998
membrane85113210128109170281348396458528591
with149213210128102140179250
increased17771321012853123186233295356411474543
pressure23551321012886132194249303373420482
in28721321012853124
the30311321012853123186
pulmonary32521321012884155193303371441504551621
circulation.39061321012878117164226297335398436475545615650
In45911321012862132
chronic47591321012876146193263332372433
heart52281321012885148209256294
failure8511563012847109148187257304366
(often12521563012877148195233296365
left16521563012870133179217
atrial),19051563012893131177216279317364399
rusty-colored23391563012877148202241312359421492530601648709779
sputum31541563012884154224263333442
is36291563012870125
expectorated37891563012893164234297358397467514576614676746
in45711563012870139
the47461563012870139202
morning,498315630128140208255326365435504540
where85118050128101171234281343
the122918050128105175238
rust150118050128113184238276
color181318050128129199237307354
is220218050128106160
attributed239818050128129167206252291361431470533602
to303518050128105176
the324518050128106177238
formation351818050128114184230340400439478549619
of417218050128137184
hemosiderin439018050128137200309377432471541604650688759
from518418050128114159230339
hemoglobin.8512046012870133242310381420490560599668704
In15902046012849119
acute17442046012863126195234297
heart20762046012871134196243281
failure23932046012848111149188258305367
(pulmonary27972046012849119188227337404475538585655
edema),34852046012864135198308368415450
the39702046012841111174
sputum41792046012856125196234305414
has46262046012873135190
a48522046012864
pink49512046012871111180250
color52362046012865134172242288
due8512288012870141203
to10892288012839108
the12332288012839108171
presence14392288012870116178233295365428489
of19632288012870116
fresh2114228801284794156211280
erythrocytes.24302288012862109179216287334403466536573636691726
Edema10312531012694172234351419
in14862529012878149
a167125290128101
patient180725290128108171209249311380419
with226025290128141179219289
cardiovascular258525290128100163209279318388458520575636707745808855
system34742529012893164217256319428
disease393525290128109149204267329382445
is44152529012878133
a458325290128100
sign47182529012894134203273
of502625290128110157
right52182529012886124194264303
ventricular8512771012870133202241289327389458498560606
failure14922771012847110149187257304366
and18932771012863131201
venous21302771012870132202271342396
congestion25612771012863131202272335388427466536606
in32032771012837107
the33452771012839109171
systemic35512771012855125178218281390427489
circulation.40752771012863102149211280319381419459528599635
Mechanism103130120128125187249320382452490545655
of17193012012875123
edema.18773012012868138200309369405
Reduced23243012012893156226296358421490
contractile28493012012868137208246294356418456495534597
ability34803012012868138177216254294365
of38783012012876123
the40363012012845114177
right4248301201285190160230269
ventricle45523012012875137207247293332395432495
leads50823012012844106169238292
to54093012012844113
increased8513254012839110172218280343396459528
hydrostatic14153254012878149217264333388427489527567630
pressure20793254012878125187241296365413475
in25883254012847117
the27403254012846116178
veins29533254012877140179249303
of32903254012879126
the34513254012846115178
systemic36643254012862132185225287397433496
circulation,41953254012870109157219288327390428467537607642
causing48723254012871133202256295365435
the53423254012847117179
liquid851349501283978148219257327
component12133495012893164273341412482544613653
of190134950128100147
blood208234950128101141210281351
to24683495012870140
exit26433495012893162202240
the29193495012869139202
vascular315634950128100162216279348388450496
bed.368734950128101164233268
Circulating399034950128125164210272342381444481520591660
blood468634950128101139209279349
volume507134950128101170209279389449
decreases.8513737012870133195242304366420483537572
In14583737012897166
response16603737012895158212282352421476539
to22333737012889159
hypovolemia,242737370128119190258329398469507570682718781816
hormonal327837370128120190237346414485547586
mechanisms390037370128159219281352415484523577687739
are467537370128112159221
activated:493137370128113175213252322385423485554593
release8513979012847109148211273327390
of12763979012884131
ADH145639790128102202303
in17943979012854125
the19533979012854124186
pituitary21743979012885124163233271311373419489
and26973979012877147218
aldosterone29513979012877115185255309348410456527596659
in36453979012853124
the38033979012855124187
adrenal40253979012877147194255325387426
glands,44873979012884123186255325380415
leading49373979012853116178247286356426
to53993979012852122
increased8514220012839110172218280343396459528
reabsorption14154220012857119182252306376423493531570640710
of21614220012880127
sodium23244220012865134204243313423
and27794220012873143214
water303942200128101163202265312
in33864220012849120
renal35414220012857120189252290
tubules,38664220012850120190259299361415451
exacerbating43524220012872142204267329376445508546585655724
edema.51124220012873143205314374409
Hypovolemia85144610128101172240311382451490552662698761
reduces16474461012853115185256318380433
renal21164461012852115185247286
blood24374461012875114184254324
flow,2797446101285290160262296
stimulating3128446101286099138248315355418457496566635
the37994461012844114177
juxtaglomerular40154461012845114184223285355394464573633680750790852899
apparatus,49494461012868137208271316379418487541577
and8514702012862133202
activating10894702012866129167205276338376415485555
the16804702012842112174
RAAS18934702012893193294372
(primary23004702012851121168206316376423494
hyperaldosteronism)28274702012875145214277323386425495565619659720767837907946100111101155
worsens402147020128101171218273336405460
sodium45154702012859129199238308417
and49654702012867137208
water521247020128101163202264310
retention.8514945012847109148211280320358428498534
Hypovolemia143549450128102171240310381451489552660697759
and22294945012878148219
venous24834945012886149218288358412
hypertension29304945012886156225288334373436505560599669739
in37054945012853123
the38644945012853123185
systemic40844945012870141193233296404440503
circulation46224945012878117164226296336399437475546615
lead52734945012854117178247
to8515186012839110
tissue996518601285392147201271333
hypoxia,13645186012886156225295365403466501
resulting19005186012862124178247287325365434504
in24395186012855124
increased25995186012853123185232294357410473542
vascular31775186012884145200263332372434480
permeability.36925186012885147194303363425496535575613653723756
Prolonged44885186012893140210249319389459522592
venous51145186012886148217287358412
congestion8515427012862133202273336389428467537607
in14935427012844114
the16435427012844114177
liver1855542701284382152215261
disrupts21515427012875115169216285355394448
its2635542701284583138
detoxifying28085427012875138176246316355402472510580650
function,34935427012853122192254293332402472507
excess40365427012867136199261315370
aldosterone44405427012867106177246300340402448519588651
fails51265427012853114153191246
to54085427012843113
be8515669012870133
neutralized10195669012882145215253301363401439502564633
in16885669012852121
the18455669012852121184
liver2064566901285190160223269
(secondary23695669012859113176238307377447509556626
hyperaldosteronism).302856690128831542222863333954345045756296677307778469179551009111911631198
In42615669012860130
advanced44265669012876146215278348410472542
stages50035669012867106169238301355
of53945669012881128
heart8515911012870133195242280
failure,11675911012848111149188258305367402
the16045911012840110172
liver1811591101284080149212259
loses21045911012841112166228282
the24215911012841111174
ability26305911012863133172211250288359
to30225911012841112
synthesize31695911012857127196235305368421461522585
albumins,37895911012864102173242352389459514550
leading43745911012839102163234273343412
to48225911012847116
decreased49745911012871134196243304366421483552
oncotic8516152012870141203273311351412
pressure12996152012870117179233287357405466
and18006152012862133202
worsening203661520128101171218273335404443514583
edema,26556152012862131194303363398
progressing30876152012871118188259306367422476515585655
to37776152012839108
anasarca.39216152012862131194248310357419482516
Clinical10316393012894133172242280343405443
characteristics15106393012862132194241303365403466513551606644684745799
of23446393012871117
cardiac24966393012863125171241280342405
edema:29366393012862131194303363402
10316644012865
appear12116644012862133202265327374
or16196644012870117
worsen177166440128102171218272334404
in22106644012839108
the23546644012839108171
evening25606644012862131194264303372443
and30386644012863131201
decrease32756644012870132194240303364419482
or37906644012870118
disappear39436644012870108163225295365428490537
in45156644012838107
the46586644012839108170
morning;486466440128109177224294334403473516
10316896012865
initially12116896012839110148188226289327366437
appear16816896012866136207269331378
on20946896012872143
the22726896012841112174
dorsal24816896012873144190245307345
aspect28626896012865119189251313353
of32506896012872120
the34056896012841111174
feet,36136896012850112175214249
ankles38976896012866135205244306360
(in4293689601284989158
bedridden44876896012877140210256295365435497567
patients50906896012872135173212274343382436
-12117139012847
on12937139012870140
the14697139012837108170
sacrum),16747139012855117179225295405450485
then21947139012838109172242
spread24707139012855125173235296366
to28727139012838108
the30167139012837108170
shins32217139012854124163233287
and35437139012863131202
thighs;37817139012837108146216286341383
10317390012865
symmetrically;12117390012855125234342403442489528591653692731801840
10317640012865
firm,1211764001284786133242275
indentation15217640012839109180243312351414452490561630
from2187764001284793162271
pressure24927640012870117179234289359406468
persists29947640012870133180233273327365420
for34507640012846115161
a36477640012862
long37447640012839109179249
time;4028764001283977187247289