19
(*8/*(%7 $'/Z(--&2 $)H-7 8(D4/),H%$, -( -&8'0 + 3(%&)&*+H, 38+ -/.&%&876
D(C&)/9(-+,6 (,D9( [/)04.(, 68&-+1/$.+2 *($%8+%) .8+$%())+1/$.+/ (*8/*(%7
&C8(D0H% $('&$%&,%/):-7/ *80337, 1%& ,9),/%$, 4+(*-&$%+1/$.+' .8+%/8+/'
[82].
C&):-76 -/$3/5+=+1/$.+' ,D9/--7' .&)+%&' + C&)/D-:H 8&-(
-(C)H4(H%$, %+3+1-7/ -(80Z/-+, $&$%&,-+, D0C&1/)H$%-&2 $+$%/'7 +
$)+D+$%&2 &C&)&1.+ 8%(, %8/C0HI+/ .&'3)/.$-&2 $%&'(%&)&*+1/$.&2
8/(C+)+%(5++ [11]. &.(D(%/)+ F)/.%8&=&8/%+1/$.&2 3&49+[-&$%+ ,4/8 .)/%&.
C0..():-&*& F3+%/)+, .&88/.%+80H% $ &CI+' $&$%&,-+/' &8*(-+D'( 3(5+/-%&9
$ -/$3/5+=+1/$.+' ,D9/--7' .&)+%&' + C&)/D-:H 8&-(, + '&*0% $)0[+%:
4+(*-&$%+1/$.+' '(8./8&' $%(4++ $&'(%+1/$.&*& D(C&)/9(-+, [43, 54]. (--&/
D(C&)/9(-+/ 6(8(.%/8+D0/%$, 30$%0)('+ + F8&D+,'+ $)+D+$%&2 8&%&9&2
3&)&$%+. -& $9,D(-& $ 9&$3()+%/):-7'+ D(C&)/9(-+,'+ .+Z/1-+.(, 9
1($%-&$%+, $ ,D9/--7' .&)+%&' + '&[/% $)0[+%: %/$%&' ,D9/--&*& .&)+%( [59].
/5+4+9+80HI+2 (=%&D-72 $%&'(%+% 38&%/.(/% -( =&-/ 4+$C(.%/8+&D(
.+Z/1-+.( + 0 %(.+6 C&):-76 9 %&-.&' &%4/)/ .+Z/1-+.( 38&+$6&4,%
+D'/-/-+,, (-()&*+1-7/ 3&8([/-+H $)+D+$%&2 &C&)&1.+ 3&)&$%+ 8%( [88].
( =&-/ 68&-+1/$.&*& */3(%+%( C7)& &C-(80[/-& 3&8([/-+/ $)+D+$%&2
3&)&$%+ 8%( 3)&$.+' )+Z(/' [75, 130]. .)+-+1/$.&2 .(8%+-/ 68&-+1/$.&*&
*/3(%+%( 9%&87' 3&$)/ ($%/-&9/*/%(%+9-&*& $+-48&'( 9$%8/1(/%$,
4+$3/3$+1/$.+2 $+-48&': &I0I/-+/ $06&$%+, *&8/1+ 9& 8%0, 38+ 97$&.&2
(.%+9-&$%+ 38&5/$$( 9&D'&[/- */'&88(*+1/$.+2 $+-48&' (.8&9&%&1+9&$%:
4/$/-)[80, 100].
C&):-76 68&-+1/$.&2 3&1/1-&2 -/4&$%(%&1-&$%:H 4&9&):-& 97$&.(,
8($38&$%8(-/--&$%: $%&'(%&)&*+1/$.+6 D(C&)/9(-+2, 3(%&*/-/D .&%&876 9 %&2
+)+ +-&2 $%/3/-+ D(9+$+% &% %/1/-+, &$-&9-&*& D(C&)/9(-+,, /*& $%(4+2,
4)+%/):-&$%+ 38&5/$$(, 38&5/4087 */'&4+()+D( + )/1/-+, %8(-$3)(-%(5+/2
3&1.+ [129]. 8&-+1/$.+/ &1(*+ &4&-%&*/--&2 +-=/.5++ 0$0*0C),H% %/1/-+/
&$-&9-&*& D(C&)/9(-+, + 0$)&[-,H% 8/(C+)+%(5+H.